Indian Journal of Agriculture Business

Linear type scoring is an important tool in herd decision-making, as it aids in selecting animals with superior productive potential based on body conformation. The present study was conducted on 150 lactating Sahiwal cattle, with measurements for linear type traits recorded before the evening milking at three different stages of lactation. The mean scores (±SE, cm) for objective linear type traits were as follows: stature 5.77±0.08; chest width 4.59±0.10; body depth 5.24±0.10; rump width 5.56±0.09; rump angle 4.48±0.08; rear legs sets 4.81±0.12; foot angle 4.84±0.10; fore udder attachment 4.85±0.11; rear udder height 5.52±0.10; udder depth 5.31±0.08; rear udder width 4.27±0.09; central ligament 4.01±0.09; fore teat length 3.49±0.10; rear teat length 3.94±0.09; teat circumference 4.20±0.11; teat diameter 4.16±0.10 and udder balance 5.25±0.11. For subjective linear type traits (1–9 scale), the mean scores were angularity 4.69±0.09; rear leg rear view 5.05±0.06; body condition score 6.53±0.08; locomotion 4.88±0.06; fore teat placement 4.41±0.07 and rear teat placement 6.28±0.08. Based on these findings, dairy cattle may be prioritized for selection with emphasis on improving rump height, body depth, chest width, rear udder width, fore udder attachment, and central ligament strength to enhance overall productivity and longevity.

Background: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vital vegetable crop in India, significantly contributing to domestic consumption and exports. Sustainable agricultural practices, incorporating organic manures and bio-stimulants can enhance crop productivity, soil and environmental health and economic returns. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the impact of different types of organic manures and bio-stimulants on onion growth, yield, quality and soil health under organic cultivation. Objectives: 1. To study the effect of different nutrient sources on growth, yield and quality of onion. 2. To find out the soil qualities under different organic nutrient sources. 3. To work out the comparative economics of organic onion cultivation. Material: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications during the winter season of 2021–2022 at UBKV, West Bengal. Three levels of organic manures (farmyard manure, vermicompost, poultry manure) and five bio-stimulants (seaweed extract, humic acid, vermiwash, jeevamrutha, and liquid mustard cake) were evaluated for different growth parameters, yield attributes, soil properties and economic return.

The present study examines the entrepreneurial behavior of Gaushalas in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on key psychological and managerial traits. Findings indicate that 58% of Gaushalas showed medium innovativeness, while 37% exhibited high levels. Achievement motivation was medium in 56% and high in 35%. Decision making ability was medium to high in 81% of cases. Notably, 58% demonstrated high risk orientation, and 74% had strong coordination ability. Planning ability was high in 58% of Gaushalas. Information-seeking behavior was moderate in 52% and high in 34%. Cosmopolitans was rated medium in 53% and high in 47%. A majority (54%) showed high self-confidence. However, profit orientation was high in only 18%, with 82% at a medium level. Overall, Gaushalas display strong entrepreneurial traits, though improvement is needed in profit orientation and strategic planning to boost long-term sustainability and impact.

From ancient times until the present, the effective utilization of organic fertilizer has been an important part of agriculture. Today, the use of organic fertilizer is considered an important strategy in the effort to preserve the global environment. In addition to the major nutrient elements, manure contains several trace elements required by the crop and a large amount of organic matter needed for soil improvement. The main objective of this research was to study the influence of different sources of organic manure on vegetative growth of lettuce. For this purpose, a field experiment was planned and executed during 2022-2023 at Horticulture Research Block of Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice with ten treatments involving nine organic fertilizers and a control treatment. The treatments were viz. T1 (control), T2 (FYM@20t/), T3 (Vermicompost@5t/ ha), T4 (Jeevamrutha@100%), T5 (Biostimulant @3%), T6 (FYM @20t/ha + Vermicompost@5t/ha), T7 (Vermicompost@5t/ha + Jeevamrutha@100%), T8 (FYM@20/ha + Biostimulant@3%), T9 (FYM@10t/ha + Vermicompost@2.5t/ha + Jeevamrutha @50% + Biostimulant @1.5%) and T10 (FYM @ 20t/ha + Vermicompost @ 5t/ha + Jeevamrutha @100% + Biostimulant @3%). Different growth parameters were recorded and statistically analyzed. The results revealed that treatment T6 (FYM @20t/ha + VC @5t/ha) recorded maximum plant height (14.80cm), leaf width (15.12cm), fresh weight of plant (262.73g), dry weight of plant (31.76g), diameter of plant (15.36cm) and root length (5.63). On the other hand, significant differences were also noted on the fresh weight of leaf (6.42g), dry weight of leaf (1.93g) and root diameter (1.66cm).

Purpose: This study evaluates the market potential of micro-irrigation systems and assesses consumer awareness of water-soluble fertilizers in the Moradabad division of Uttar Pradesh, India. Approach: Primary data was collected through fieldwork. 85 farmers, 16 retailers/ dealers, and 10 company representatives were interviewed. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used. Secondary data was gathered from government websites, news articles, and research papers. Market potential is calculated based on cultivated area, area under micro-irrigation, and unit price. Findings: The study findings report a significant market potential of Rupees 10,657.161 crores for micro-irrigation systems in the region. Farmers are aware of water-soluble fertilizers, but they are primarily used as growth promoters, preferring conventional fertilizers as the primary source. Adoption of micro irrigation systems is very low. The adoption is influenced by various factors such as economic constraints and impediments to perform farm operations. Limitations: The sample size is representative of the studied areas and could limit the extent to which the findings can be generalized for the entire division. Originality: This research offers a new perspective on farmers’ utilization of water soluble fertilizers, highlighting their predominant use as growth promoters. It also reports the complex interplay of factors affecting the adoption of micro-irrigation technologies in the specific context of the Moradabad division

Participation in sports and cultural activities is essential for personal development. Sports improve physical health, promote teamwork, and teach discipline, while cultural activities nurture creativity and emotional expression. Together, they build confidence, enhance social skills, and strengthen community bonds. These activities contribute to a balanced lifestyle that supports both mental and physical well-being and provide opportunities for individuals to discover and develop their talents. The purpose of this study is to explore students’ perceptions of cultural and sports activities. A total of 61 students from Pantnagar University participated in the survey. The findings show that 72.2% of respondents are aged between 19 and 21, with the majority (90.16%) from the College of Agriculture. While 62.3% have never attended society events, a notable number of students engage in sports (29.5%) and cultural activities (31.1%) outside the university. A large majority (86.8%) recognize the benefits of extracurricular activities, particularly in enhancing cultural awareness (90.16%) and overall well-being (86.8%). However, fewer students (58.01%) perceive career opportunities in cultural activities. Despite low participation in university-based events, students show a keen interest in extracurricular activities beyond campus. Overall, the study suggests that students have a positive attitude towards sports and cultural activities.

People are starting to see climate-smart farming as an important way to make farming more resilient, productive, and environmentally friendly in the face of climate change. This analysis looks at methods that agribusinesses might adopt climate-smart practices, with a focus on soil health and carbon sequestration. The paper highlighted the scientific and financial reasons for using soil-centered methods like conservation tillage, cover cropping, bio-char, and regenerative agriculture as the main tools for making the climate more resilient. It also looks at how these approaches could be used in new carbon markets, where farmers and agribusinesses can make money by selling carbon credits. The main problems are looked at, such as how to test and verify soil carbon, how to get money, how complicated the rules are, and how ready the market is. Lastly, the review finds policy frameworks, digital technologies, and collaboration models that can help speed up large-scale adoption. The research says that connecting soil health measures with participation in the carbon market is a alternative for agribusiness to make money while also helping the environment