Abstract

Background: Rural unemployment remains a key challenge in Uttarakhand, where many youths depend on seasonal farming and limited jobs. Promoting selfemployment offers a viable path to reduce migration and improve rural livelihoods. Aims: The study evaluates the effectiveness of government programmes PMEGP, MUDRA, and SVEP in generating self-employment among rural youth in Nainital district. Methods: Using purposive sampling, data were collected from 120 rural youths across hilly and plain zones through surveys and interviews. Descriptive statistics and percentage analysis were applied. Results: Only 18% of respondents were fully aware of self-employment schemes, while 49% remained uninformed. About 58% lacked vocational training, and 46% found existing programmes only moderately effective. Major barriers included lack of capital, weak infrastructure, and bureaucratic hurdles. Conclusion: Government initiatives can transform youth into entrepreneurs, but awareness, training, and credit access remain constraints. Localized outreach, simplified processes, and mentorship are vital for success.

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