Abstract

With increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, industries are shifting toward biodegradable and recyclable materials, making packaging a crucial component of both product preservation and ecological responsibility. Biobased edible films formulated from natural polymers such as starch, cellulose, and proteins have emerged as sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastics. The incorporation of nanoparticles with high surface reactivity and mechanical strength enhances the antimicrobial, barrier, and structural properties of these films, extending food quality and shelf life. However, concerns regarding nanoparticle migration and potential toxicity necessitate comprehensive evaluation models to ensure consumer and environmental safety. Green-synthesized nanoparticles derived from biological sources, such as microorganisms, plant extracts, cellulose, collagen, and chitin, offer promising advantages due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. This review provides insights into emerging bio-nano compounds and their transformative role in developing intelligent, ecosustainable edible packaging systems for safer and more durable food preservation.

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