Srinivasa Reddy P Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka,, India
Bhawana S. Final Year MBBS Student, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka,, India
Srinivasa Reddy P Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka,, India
Devendra Prasad K.J. Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, R L Jalappa Hospital, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka,, India
Address for correspondence: Srinivasa Reddy P, Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka,, India E-mail: drsrinivasareddyp@gmail.com
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Satish Nibedan, Bhawana S., Srinivasa Reddy P. et al. Clinico-Epidemiological Analysis and Treatment
Outcomes of Snake Bite Cases: A Hospital-Based Study. Indian J Forensic Med Pathol. 2026; 19(2): 153-157
Timeline
Received : January 30, 2026
Accepted : March 25, 2026
Published : June 30, 2026
Abstract
Context: Snake bite is a significant health hazard in tropical regions, particularly affecting rural populations engaged in agriculture. Objectives: To evaluate the demographic profile, clinical features, and outcomes of snake bite victims treated at a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed medical records of 51 snake bite cases admitted from September 2023 to November 2024. Data collected included age, gender, residence type, bite location, clinical features, complications, antivenom use, and patient outcomes. Statistical Analysis: Data were summarized using descriptive statistical measures including counts, proportions, mean values, and minimum–maximum distribution
Results: Mean age was 35.2 years with 67% male predominance. Eighty percent were from rural areas. Pain (98%) and swelling (84.31%) were the main symptoms. Antivenom was given to 68.62% of patients. The mortality rate was 5.88%, with
94.11% patients surviving. Conclusion: Early hospital access, prompt antivenom administration, and supportive care significantly reduce snake bite mortality. Strengthening rural healthcare systems and community awareness are essential for better outcomes.
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Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Cite this article
Satish Nibedan, Bhawana S., Srinivasa Reddy P. et al. Clinico-Epidemiological Analysis and Treatment
Outcomes of Snake Bite Cases: A Hospital-Based Study. Indian J Forensic Med Pathol. 2026; 19(2): 153-157
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Description: This pie chart shows the proportion of male (67%) and female (33%) patients affectedbysnakebite
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Description: This bar diagram depicts the geographical distribution of snakebite cases across varioustaluks,
with the highest number reported from Kolar
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Description: This line graph illustrates the anatomical sites of snakebite, with the foot being the most commonly
affected region