Indian Journal of Surgical Nursing

Background: Junk food consumption and its consequences has become a major public health concern globally because of its deteriorating health consequences and surging prevalence. Though its adverse health consequences are widely prevalent in all age groups, children and adolescents are more at risk. It may lead to obesity and act as a risk factor for different non-communicable diseases. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding health hazards of junk food and its prevention among adolescents. Methodology: Quantitative research approach, pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test research design was used. Thirty-four adolescents were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted at Vels Vidyashram, Thalambur, Chennai. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge about health hazards of junk food and its prevention. On the first day, demographic details were obtained through a structured profile. Followed by pre-test assessment of the level of knowledge among adolescents about health hazards and preventive measures of junk food, a structured teaching programme was given to the students. Post-test assessment of the level of knowledge among adolescents about health hazards and prevention of junk foods was done on the 7th day. Results: The pre-test mean score of knowledge about health hazards of junk food and its prevention was 19.15, the post-test mean score was 24.41, and the mean difference score was 5.26. The calculated paired ‘t’ test value (t = 8.57) was found to be statistically significant at p < 0.05 level. This study findings infer that the structured teaching program on health hazards of junk food and its prevention was found to be effective in improving knowledge among adolescents.

Conducting research on substance abuse prevention among college students is highly sensitive and requires careful planning, ethical considerations, and effective communication. This article describes the practical challenges encountered by nursing student researchers during data collection for a study assessing knowledge regarding prevention of substance abuse among college students. The experiences highlighted include administrative barriers, participant management issues, communication challenges, and ethical concerns during the research process. The article also discusses the strategies adopted to overcome these difficulties and the positive outcomes achieved through health education sessions conducted after data collection.

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic, progressive, nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly affects aging men. It is one of the leading causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) worldwide and significantly influences physical comfort, psychological health, sleep quality, and overall quality of life. Aim: To critically analyze and synthesize current evidence regarding the etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical management, and comprehensive nursing care of BPH. Objectives: 1. To examine hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms contributing to BPH. 2. To describe symptom classification and disease progression. 3. To review contemporary diagnostic tools and investigations. 4. To evaluate pharmacological and surgical interventions. 5. To outline evidence-based nursing management strategies. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using peer-reviewed journals, urology guidelines, textbooks, and evidence-based online medical resources. Literature was analyzed systematically and synthesized in structured format. References are cited in Vancouver style. Results: BPH is strongly associated with aging, androgenic stimulation via dihydrotestosterone (DHT), chronic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. Clinical manifestations range from mild urinary hesitancy to severe retention and renal compromise. Diagnosis involves digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), uroflowmetry, imaging, and endoscopic assessment. Management includes alpha-adrenergic blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, minimally invasive therapies, and surgical interventions such as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). Nursing care plays a critical role in monitoring urinary function, preventing complications, promoting fluid balance, and providing patient education. Conclusion: BPH is a multifactorial age-related condition requiring individualized, multidisciplinary management. Early identification and comprehensive nursing support significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce complications.

Dandy–Walker Syndrome (DWS), also known as Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM), is a rare congenital brain malformation involving abnormal development of the cerebellum and fourth ventricle. The condition is commonly associated with hydrocephalus, developmental delay, motor dysfunction, and neurological impairments. The severity of symptoms varies widely depending on the degree of cerebellar involvement and associated congenital anomalies. Advances in prenatal imaging, neurosurgical interventions, and rehabilitative therapies have improved outcomes in affected children. Nursing management plays a critical role in early recognition of complications, neurological monitoring, developmental support, and caregiver education. This review article summarizes the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, prognosis, and comprehensive nursing management of DWS.

Introduction: Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital cyanotic heart disease in which all pulmonary veins drain into the systemic venous circulation instead of the left atrium. Survival depends on the presence of an interatrial communication, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD), which permits mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Abnormal venous drainage may also cause mechanical obstruction to blood flow, leading to severe respiratory distress and heart failure. Early diagnosis and surgical correction are essential to improve survival and prevent complications. Case Presentation: A 3-month-old male infant presented with respiratory distress, poor feeding, cyanosis, and failure to gain weight since birth. Clinical examination revealed tachypnea, central cyanosis, and hypoxia. Echocardiography and computed tomography angiography confirmed supracardiac TAPVC with dilated right-sided cardiac chambers and pulmonary hypertension. Management and Outcome: The infant was managed with oxygen therapy, diuretics, inotropic support, and nutritional supplementation before undergoing corrective cardiac surgery. Comprehensive nursing management included monitoring oxygen saturation, maintaining airway patency, supporting feeding, preventing infection, and educating caregivers. Following treatment and surgery, the infant showed improvement in oxygen saturation, feeding tolerance, and respiratory status. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management of TAPVC in infants. Prompt diagnosis, timely surgical intervention, and effective nursing care are crucial for improving clinical outcomes and survival.