Full Text (PDF)
Original Article

Stature and its Estimation Utilizing Hand and Foot Measurements in North Indian Population

Ulhas Gondhali, Aditi Mishra, Deepika Kakkar, Gurpreet Kaur, Tanya Chauhan, Krit Pal Singh Kushwaha

Author Information

Licence:

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 16(1):p 35-43, January-March 2023. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.16123.4

How Cite This Article:

Mishra A, Kakkar D, Kaur G, et al. Stature and its estimation utilizing hand and foot measurements in North Indian population. Indian J Forensic Med Pathol. 2023;16(1):35-43.

Timeline

Received : September 17, 2022         Accepted : January 21, 2023          Published : March 30, 2023

Abstract

Background: Stature estimation from body measurements is an important part of forensic and medico-legal cases especially in victim identification, where mutilated and amputated body parts are encountered at the crime scene. Hand and foot dimensions are the important features in context of stature estimation. The present study was conducted to find out the correlation of length and breadth of hand and foot in the stature of the North Indians. Methods: Anthropometric data from 413 males and 413 females were collected. Simple and multiple linear regression methods were used for estimation of stature from hand length, hand breadth, foot length and foot breadth measurements. Results: Statistically significant results (p <0.001) are obtained with each measurement when the derived model is tested for stature estimation. Hand length in both sexes showed highest correlation with the stature whereas foot breadth showed the lowest. Multiple regression models showed low standard error of estimate (SEE). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that, from a forensic stand point, measurements of the hands and feet may be employed to estimate the stature of North Indian populations.


References

  • 1.   Cattaneo C. Forensic anthropology: developments of a classical discipline in the new millennium. Forensic science international. 2007;165(2–3):185–93.
  • 2.   Reza Amirsheybani H, Crecelius GM, Timothy NH, Pfeiffer M, Saggers GC, Manders EK. Natural history of the growth of the hand: part II—hand length as a treatment guide in the pediatric trauma patient. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2000;49(3):457–60.
  • 3.   Zeybek G, Ergur I, Demiroglu Z. Stature and gender estimation using foot measurements. Forensic Science International. 2008;181(1–3):54-e1.
  • 4.   Jee S, Yun MH. Estimation of stature from diversified hand anthropometric dimensions from Korean population. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2015;35:9–14.
  • 5.   González-Colmenares G, Medina CS, Báez LC. Estimation of stature by cephalometric facial dimensions in skeletonized bodies: study from a sample modern Colombians skeletal remains. Forensic science international. 2016;258:101-e1.
  • 6.   Sen J, Ghosh S. Estimation of stature from foot length and foot breadth among the Rajbanshi: an indigenous population of North Bengal. Forensic Science International. 2008;181(1–3):55-e1.
  • 7.   Ishak N-I, Hemy N, Franklin D. Estimation of stature from hand and handprint dimensions in a Western Australian population. Forensic science international. 2012;216(1– 3):199-e1.
  • 8.   Uhrová P, Beňuš R, Masnicová S, Obertová Z, Kramárová D, Kyselicová K, et al. Estimation of stature using hand and foot dimensions in Slovak adults. Legal medicine. 2015;17(2):92–7.
  • 9.   Kim W, Kim YM, Yun MH. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in a Korean population. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2018;55:87–92.
  • 10.   Moorthy TN, Mostapa AMB, Boominathan R, Raman N. Stature estimation from footprint measurements in Indian Tamils by regression analysis. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2014;4(1):7–16.
  • 11.   Torimitsu S, Makino Y, Saitoh H, Sakuma A, Ishii N, Hayakawa M, et al. Stature estimation based on radial and ulnar lengths using three-dimensional images from multidetector computed tomography in a Japanese population. Legal medicine. 2014;16(4):181–6.
  • 12.   Kamal R, Yadav PK. Estimation of stature from different anthropometric measurements in Kori population of North India. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2016;6(4):468–77.
  • 13.   Krishan K, Sharma A. Estimation of stature from dimensions of hands and feet in a North Indian population. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2007;14(6):327–32.
  • 14.   Pal A, De S, Sengupta P, Maity P, Dhara PC. Estimation of stature from hand dimensions in Bengalee population, West Bengal, India. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2016;6(2):90–8.
  • 15.   Hisham S, Mamat CR, Ibrahim MA. Regression analysis for stature estimation from foot anthropometry in Malaysian Chinese. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2012;44(4):333–41.
  • 16.   Ozden H, Balci Y, Demirüstü C, Turgut A, Ertugrul M. Stature and sex estimate using foot and shoe dimensions. Forensic Science International. 2005;147(2– 3):181–4.
  • 17.   Agnihotri AK, Agnihotri S, Jeebun N, Googoolye K. Prediction of stature using hand dimensions. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2008;15(8):479–82.
  • 18.   Saxena S. A study of correlations and estimation of stature from hand length, hand breadth and sole length. Anthropologischer anzeiger. 1984;271–6.
  • 19.   Rastogi P, Nagesh K, Yoganarasimha K. Estimation of stature from hand dimensions of north and south Indians. Legal medicine. 2008;10(4):185–9.
  • 20.   Mohamadon E, Alias A, Abu Bakar SN, Mohd Nor F, Mohamed A, Rosman DR, et al. Predictive role of hand and foot dimensions for stature estimation in the Malaysian population. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2020;52(2):178–93.
  • 21.   Krishan K, Kanchan T, Passi N. Estimation of stature from the foot and its segments in a sub-adult female population of North India. Journal of foot and ankle research. 2011;4(1):24.
  • 22.   Vallois HV. Anthropometric techniques. Curr Anthropol 1965;6:127–44.
  • 23.   Agnihotri AK, Kachhwaha S, Jowaheer V, Singh AP. Estimating stature from percutaneous length of tibia and ulna in IndoMauritian population. Forensic science international. 2009;187(1– 3):109-e1.
  • 24.   Krishan K, Kanchan T, Sharma A. Multiplication factor versus regression analysis in stature estimation from hand and foot dimensions. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2012;19(4):211–4.
  • 25.   Sanli SG, Kizilkanat ED, Boyan N, Ozsahin ET, Bozkir MG, Soames R, et al. Stature estimation based on hand length and foot length. Clinical Anatomy: The Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and the British Association of Clinical Anatomists. 2005;18(8):589–96.
  • 26.   Geetha G, Swathi SAA. Estimation of stature from hand and foot measurements in a rare tribe of Kerala state in India. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015;9(10):HC01.
  • 27.   Ozaslan A, Karadayi B, Kolusayin MO, Kaya A, Afsin H. Predictive role of hand and foot dimensions in stature estimation. Rom J Leg Med. 2012;20(1):41–6.
  • 28.   Tandon R, Yunus SM, Faruqi NA, Asghar A. Measurements of hand and foot–A predictor of stature in adult human population of Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Anatomy, Radiology and Surgery. 2016;5(1):12– 5.
  • 29.   Ahmed AA. Estimation of stature using lower limb measurements in Sudanese Arabs. Journal of forensic and legal medicine. 2013;20(5):483–8.
  • 30.   Wilson RJ, Herrmann NP, Jantz LM. Evaluation of stature estimation from the database for forensic anthropology. Journal of forensic sciences. 2010;55(3):684–9.
  • 31.   Aeri R. Estimation of stature and sex from hand digit phalange foot handprint and footprint dimensions of adult brahmins banias khatris and jatsikhs of parts of malwa and doaba regions of punjab.
  • 32.   Saka O, Alamu O, Olayode A, Akinjisola A, Ogundipe J. Studies on the Estimation of Stature from Hand and Foot Length of an Individual. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (JKIMSU). 2016;5(4).

Data Sharing Statement

There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.

Funding

This research received no funding.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.

Ethics Declaration

This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.

Conflicts of Interest

No conflicts of interest in this work.


About this article


Cite this article

Mishra A, Kakkar D, Kaur G, et al. Stature and its estimation utilizing hand and foot measurements in North Indian population. Indian J Forensic Med Pathol. 2023;16(1):35-43.


Licence:

Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Received Accepted Published
September 17, 2022 January 21, 2023 March 30, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.16123.4

Keywords

Forensic anthropologyFoot anthropometryHand anthropometryStatureNorth India.

Article Level Metrics

Last Updated

Sunday 21 June 2026, 18:07:06 (IST)


7234

Accesses

9
2068
00

Citations


NA
NA
NA

Download citation


Article Keywords


Keyword Highlighting

Highlight selected keywords in the article text.


Timeline


Received September 17, 2022
Accepted January 21, 2023
Published March 30, 2023

licence


Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.


Access this article



Share