Abstract

The detrimental effects of heavy metals on human health are known as several health risks are associated with heavy metal toxicity. Rapid industrialization and enhanced use of metals in various industries resulted in the increased distribution of heavy metals in the environment. Industrial wastes in the form of liquid and gaseous effluents, as well as scrap in landfills are a major source of heavy metal pollution causing contamination of water bodies and the environment in general. These toxicants accumulate in the human body as individuals are exposed to them. The toxicity of heavy metals depends on various factors which include but not limited to amount of metal (dose), exposure duration, age, gender and health status of individuals. Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead etc especially are of great concern for public health due to their acute toxicity. These metals are potent enough to induce multiple organ failure even at small concentrations. Studies have shown an association between heavy metals and carcinogenicity. In the present work, a comprehensive analysis of toxicity of eleven heavy metal namely, aluminum, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, iron, lead, mercury, tin and thallium has been reviewed along with their analytical aspects and management. Clinical features of metal toxicity with diagnosis techniques and treatment including hospitalization and post-hospitalization management are also elaborated.

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