Abstract

Like fi ngerprints, lip prints are completely one-of-a-kind. Lip wrinkles come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, but this review will focus on the diff erences between the sexes. There are forensic and non-forensic uses for lip prints. Chelioscopy is a powerful method for solving crimes by examining physical evidence left at the site. Greek chelioswich, meaning “lip’’ is where the term “cheiloscopy’’ originates. Both destructive and nondestructive techniques are used to categorize samples. There are numerous classifi cations that may be applied to lip prints due to their distinctive wrinkling and shape patterns; for instance, the clauco martin santos, Suzuki, and tsuchihashi classifi cations. Reviewing a large population, we fi nd that both sexes share a preponderance of type IV groove patterns, that male and female lip prints exhibit no discernible variation over time, and that lip prints from the third gender display strikingly diff erent characteristics.

• 1.   Kasprzak, J. (1990, May). Possibilities of cheiloscopy. Forensic Science International, 46(1–2), 145–151.
• 2.   Finnegan, M. (2000, March 1). T. Dale Stewart: Remembrances of a Scholar and Colleague. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45(2), 14678J.
• 3.   Study on Pattern of Lip Prints and its Relation to Sex and Blood Groups in Telangana Population. (2020, October 23). Medico-Legal Update, 20(4).
• 4.   Prabhu, R., Dinkar, A., Prabhu, V., & Rao, P. (2012). Cheiloscopy: Revisited. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 4(1), 47.
• 5.   Utsuno, H., Kanoh, T., Tadokoro, O., & Inoue, K. (2005, May). Preliminary study of post mortem identification using lip prints. Forensic Science International, 149(2–3), 129–132.
• 6.   Thermadam TP, Chatra L, Ahsan A. Cheiloscopy in gender determination: A study on 2112 individuals. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Mar 26;9(3):1386-1390. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1046_19. PMID: 32509620; PMCID: PMC7266203.
• 7.   Utsuno, H., Kanoh, T., Tadokoro, O., & Inoue, K. (2005, May). Preliminary study of post mortem identification using lip prints. Forensic Science International, 149(2–3), 129– 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint. 2004.05.013.
• 8.   B, A., B.R, A. M., Naik, R., K Patil, S., & N, A. K. (2018, April 5). Evaluation and Comparison of Various Methods of Lip Prints in Gender Determination and Its Stability Over a Period of Time. International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 6(2.1), 5167– 5171.
• 9.   Ranjan, V., Sunil, M., & Kumar, R. (2014). Study of lip prints: A forensic study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 26(1), 50.
• 10.   Dineshshankar, J., Ganapathi, N., Yoithapprabhunath, T., Maheswaran, T., Kumar, M., & Aravindhan, R. (2013). Lip prints: Role in forensic odontology. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 5(5), 95.
• 11.   Sonal, V., Shah, C., Pagare, S., Gavand, K., Bhutani, H., Shetty, N., & Waghmare, M. (2019). Cheiloscopy in Transgenders. MedicoLegal Update, 19(2), 234.
• 12.   Saxena, E., Hongal, S., Torwane, N., Mishra, P., Chandrashekhar, B., & Goel, P. (2015). A study of the palatal rugae pattern among male female and transgender population of Bhopal city. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 7(2), 142.
• 13.   www.chelioscopywikipedia.com
• 14.   Chatra, L., Thermadam, T., & Ahsan, A. (2020). Cheiloscopy in gender determination: A study on 2112 individuals. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(3), 1386. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc. jfmpc_1046_19.
• 15.   Goud, E. S. S., Verma, F., Kulkarni, M., Gupta, S., Choudhury, B., & Rajguru, J. (2022). Reliability of cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in hypertension and diabetes. A comparative study. Annals of African Medicine, 21(1), 77.
• 16.   Fernandes, L. C. C., Bento, M. I. C., Oliveira, J. D. A., Soriano, E. P., Santiago, B. M., & Rabello, P. M. (2017). Identificação Odontológica Post-Mortem Por Meio De Fotografias Do Sorriso: Revisão De Literatura. RevistaBrasileira De Odontologia Legal, 57–66. http.
• 17.   Dash, K., Mishra, P., Panda, A., Kumar, H., Bhuyan, L., & Mahapatra, N. (2022). A cheiloscopy study among students of different regional states in Eastern India: An institutional study. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 14(5), 616.
• 18.   Gupta, K., Sardana, V., Malhotra, G., Balappanavar, A., & Singh, J. (2012). Sex determination using cheiloscopy and mandibular canine index as a tool in forensic dentistry. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 4(2), 70.
• 19.   Kautilya D., V. (2013). Efficacy of Cheiloscopy in Determination of Sex Among South Indians. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.
• 20.   Dolly, A. (2016). Evaluation of Efficacy of Three Different Materials Used in Cheiloscopy – A Comparative Study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.
• 21.   Yadava, T., Chandrakala, J., Suganya, G., Doddawad, V., Nagarathna, J., & Kalavathi, M. (2022). Lip print patterns: Similarities among the parents and their children. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 26(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp. jomfp_194_21.
• 22.   Kumar, A., Prasad, S. N., Kamal, V., Priya, S., Kumar, M., & Kumar, A. (2016). Importance of Cheiloscopy. International Journal of Oral Care & Research, 4, 48–52.
• 23.   Pelin, C., Oktem, H., Kurkcuoglu, A., & Olmus, H. (2019). Lip Print Characteristics in Anatolian Population: Baskent University Sample. OALib, 06(01), 1–10.
• 24.   Muhammad Hammad, Haroon, Habib, Bhatti, Yasir Ali, Sadia, Zia, Fouzia, Javed, Mudaser, Hussain Abbasi, Rana, Muhammad Akhtar, Barkat, Hassaan, SALAHUDDIN9, Gender Variation of Lip prints among the students of Avicenna Medical College, Lahore, P J M H S, 2014;8(2), Apr – Jun:323.
• 25.   Yendriwati, Y., Joe, J. W., & Fitri, A. R. (2019, September 16). Lip Print as a Method for Forensic Identification on Malaysian with Chinese Ethnicity. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8(37), 2831–2835. https://doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/615.
• 26.   Henderson, J. (1996, January 31). WWW: What do Researchers Want? IASSIST Quarterly, 19(3), 31.
• 27.   Rateb, A., EzAldeen, M., & Bushra, R. (2022, November 19). Palmar Dermatoglyphics and Lip prints Morphological Patterns as Genetic Markers among Hypertensive Patients (A study on the Upper Egyptian Females Population at Assiut University Teaching Hospital. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology, 14(2), 287–310.
• 28.   Study on Pattern of Lip Prints and its Relation to Sex and Blood Groups in Telangana Population. (2020, October 23). Medico-Legal Update, 20(4).
• 29.   Venkatesh, R., & David, M. (2011). Cheiloscopy: An aid for personal identification. Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences, 3(2), 67.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding