Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease, a leading cause of end-stage renal failure, is a growing concern globally. Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes of this disease, with prevalence expected to double in the next 25 years, particularly in developing countries. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative defines chronic kidney disease as evidence of structural or functional kidney abnormalities persisting for at least 3 months, with or without a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Anemia, a closely related condition, is associated with chronic renal failure (CRF) and has public health importance in developing countries. Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence of different types of anemia in CRF cases, changes in haematological parameters with renal failure severity, and evaluate bone marrow iron status to exclude other cases of anemia. Results & Observation: This study analyzed the prevalence of uremic conditions in patients aged 41-60 years. The majority of cases were diabetic nephropathy, with a significant male preponderance. The majority had normocytic normochromic anemia, with a significant percentage of cases having low hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, reticulocyte count, bone marrow iron store, and platelet count. The study found that most cases had blood urea levels between 91-120 mg/dl, with the highest level being 270 mg/dl. The study also found that uremic patients had a decline in Hb levels below 6 g/dl and high creatinine levels. The study also found that 40% of cases had Grade III scoring, with the highest percentage observed in Grade III. The study analyzed the prevalence of uremic kidney disease (ESRD) in patients aged 41-60 years, with diabetes mellitus being the most common cause. Most patients had normocytic normochromic anemia (54%), followed by normocytic hypo-chromic (23.8%) and microcytic hypochromic (19.04%) anemia. Anemia was an important determinant of CRF, with blood urea levels ranging from 6.l-9gm/dl. Low platelet count (18%) was found in 9 cases, while abnormal bleeding of more than 9 minutes was found in 6 cases. Abnormal prothrombin time (20%) was found in 10 cases, and abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time (14% of cases) was found in 7 cases. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of anemia and bone marrow iron status in managing patients with chronic kidney disease. The research aims to evaluate these parameters using common laboratory methods.

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