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Indian Journal of Surgical Nursing 15(1):p 35-38, Jan-April 2026. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijsn.2277.467X.15126.7
Review Article
AI-Driven Virtual Simulation on Clinical Competence in Nursing: A Narrative Review
Bhuvaneswari S., L. Lakshmi, Thivya N., SathiyaPriya V., Precilla Selvakumari J., Prathiba S.
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Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Indian Journal of Surgical Nursing 15(1):p 35-38, Jan-April 2026. | DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijsn.2277.467X.15126.7
How Cite This Article:
Bhuvaneswari S., L. Lakshmi, Thivya N., et al. AI-Driven Virtual Simulation on Clinical Competence in Nursing: A Narrative Review. J Surg. Nurs. 2026; 15(1): 35-38.Timeline
Received : January 01, 2026
Accepted : February 15, 2026
Published : April 30, 2026
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into virtual simulation has transformed nursing education by enabling immersive, adaptive, and learner-centered clinical training environments.1,2 AI-driven virtual simulations offer personalized learning pathways, real-time feedback, and data-informed performance assessment, addressing limitations of traditional clinical education.3,4 Clinical competence in nursing involves the integration of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, all of which can be supported through intelligent simulation technologies.5 This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on AI-driven virtual simulation and its impact on clinical competence in nursing education. Key areas reviewed include theoretical foundations, AI technologies used in virtual simulation, effects on competence domains, learner and faculty perspectives, and implementation challenges. Evidence suggests that AI-driven virtual simulation enhances clinical reasoning, procedural confidence, communication skills, and learner engagement.6-8 Strategic integration of AI-enabled virtual simulation may strengthen competency-based nursing education while ensuring patient safety and educational consistency.
References
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- 2. Jeffries PR. Simulation in nursing education: from conceptualization to evaluation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2020.
- 3. Cook DA, Hatala R, Brydges R, et al. Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;306(9):978-88.
- 4. Foronda C, Fernandez-Burgos M, Nadeau C, Kelley CN, Henry MN. Virtual simulation in nursing education: a systematic review. Clin Simul Nurs. 2020;42:8-14.
- 5. Liaw SY, Ooi SW, Rusli KD, Lau TC, Tam WWS, Chua WL. Nurse–physician communication team training in virtual reality versus live simulations: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(6):e17279.
- 6. Topol E. Deep medicine: how artificial intelligence can make healthcare human again. New York: Basic Books; 2019.
- 7. Shin S, Park JH, Kim JH. Effectiveness of patient simulation in nursing education: meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(1):176-82.
- 8. Padilha JM, Machado PP, Ribeiro A, Ramos J, Costa P. Clinical virtual simulation in nursing education: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(3):e11529.
- 9. McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Barsuk JH, Wayne DB. A critical review of simulation-based mastery learning. Med Educ. 2014;48(4):375-85.
- 10. Aebersold M. The history of simulation and its impact on the future. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2016;27(1):56-61.
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
No conflicts of interest in this work.
About this article
Cite this article
Bhuvaneswari S., L. Lakshmi, Thivya N., et al. AI-Driven Virtual Simulation on Clinical Competence in Nursing: A Narrative Review. J Surg. Nurs. 2026; 15(1): 35-38.
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| January 01, 2026 | February 15, 2026 | April 30, 2026 |
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21088/ijsn.2277.467X.15126.7
Keywords
Simulation-based educationClinical competenceAI TechnologyNursing educationReflective learningClinical reasoningSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | January 01, 2026 |
| Accepted | February 15, 2026 |
| Published | April 30, 2026 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
