Journal of Microbiology and Related Research

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a foremost human pathogen that has been impeded from causing abundant clinical infections ranging from bacteremia, septicemia, infective endocarditis, skin and soft tissue, pulmonaryand device-related infections. Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the cause of a growing number of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) around the world. This has led to longer hospital stays, more prolonged antibiotic administration, and greater inpatient health care expenses. Objectives: To analyze the rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antimicrobial culture sensitivity among pediatric patients. Material and Methods: Within a year (July 2021–June 2022), 350 patients participated in a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the pediatrics and microbiology departments of a tertiary care hospital in East Delhi. A sterile cotton swab dampened with regular saline will be used to take nasal swabs from patients. The Sample was subcultured on Mannitol salt agar and S. aureus was identified as per standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Results: Among 350 pediatric nasal swab samples, the prevalence of S. aureus was 135 (38. 57%). Other Staphylococcus sp. were 181 (51. 7%) and no growth was noticed in 34 (9. 7%). Out of 135 (38. 57%) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated pediatric patients, 26 (19. 25%) had inducible clindamycin resistance. Conclusions: The study highlights MRSA’s persistent challenges in pediatric healthcare settings, including high prevalence, inducible clindamycin resistance, age, and antibiotic use. It calls for standardized infection control measures, cautious antibiotic prescription practices, and continuous surveillance.

Background: In medical microbiology, Non-Fermentative group of bacteria have been incriminated as emerging opportunistic pathogens, especially from hospital settings. Non fermenting gram negative bacilli are a group of heterogeneous, aerobic (grow in presence of oxygen), non sporing bacteria. Materials & Methods: 150 isolates from various age groups of both male and female patients were included in the study. A detailed history was elicited and the clinical specimens were collected under aseptic precautions and subjected to preliminary biochemical test and further speciation was done. Results: In the present study Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa Was the most commonest. The non fermenting gram negative bacilli were Isolated 28. 68% from local wound infection, 22. 3% from post operative wound infection, 19. 9% from respiratory tract infections, 8. 37% from gastrointestinal tract infections, 6. 22% from urinary tract infections and 4. 68% from septicemia cases. Conclusion: The non fermenting gram negative bacilli infection is mainly seen in patients with serious underlying risk factors like prolonged stay in hospital, catheterization, underlying diseases like diabetes, malignancies and chronic pulmonary disease. Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Imipenem appeared to be effective drugs in treating non fermenting gram negative bacilli infections.

Diverse structural, functional, and valuable polysaccharides are synthesized by bacteria of all taxa and secreted into the external environment. These polysaccharides are referred to as exopolysaccharides (EPS) and they may either be homopolymeric or heteropolymeric in composition. So, the study aimed to isolate exopolysaccharide-producing microorganisms from the various samples. A total of 7 different exopolysaccharide-producing microorganisms were isolated from the garden soil samples. Among them, two are Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacterial isolates. These EPS-producing isolates were further studied for their colonical, morphological, and biochemical characteristics and various enzyme productions. The ability of EPS producers in various raw carbon sources i. e. Rice flour, wheat starch, horse gram starch, maize starch, and potato extract were also checked. These EPS producers were further studied for their EPS production ability as well as the characterization and quantification of EPS.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has currently become an important healthcare concern as its resistant to multiple antibiotics. Currently, it’s one of the major hospitals acquired and community acquired pathogen causing blood stream infections(BSI). Therefore, rapid identification of MRSA in clinical specimens is essential for timely decision on effective antimicrobial drug therapy. Aim: To detect the prevalence of MRSA isolates isolated from blood culture samples. To compare phenotypic methods; Mannitol salt agar (MSA), Cefoxitin disk diffusion (CDD) & Oxacillin resistant screening agar base (ORSAB) with CHROMagar MRSA. Materials and Methods: An Laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Microbiology department, UCMS and GTBH from January 2024 to April 2024 were included and further characterized. All the isolates were cultured in MSA, blood agar and MacConkey agar. The phenotypic methods used for confirming MRSA was Cefoxitin disc (30µg) diffusion, CHROMagarTMMRSA andORSAB for phenotypic identification. Results: Out of 328 isolates of S. aureus, 151(73. 3%) isolates were MRSA detected by CDD method, CHROMagarTM MRSA and ORSAB. The sensitivity of chromogenic media i. eCHROMagarTM MRSA and ORSAB is 94. 2% and 97. 2% respectively. All MRSA isolated were susceptible to Vancomycin, Linezolid and resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion: CHROMagarTM MRSA and ORSAB is found to be accurate for the detection of MRSA. It is reliable, easy to perform, less time-consuming, and cost-effective. It is an affordable alternative to the conventional method of detection of MRSA in resource-poor settings.

The global obesity epidemic is highlighting its extensive health implications and economic costs. It notes that over 1. 4 billion adults were classified as overweight by the World Health Organization in 2014 to till now, with rates tripling since 1975. Obesity is linked to numerous chronic diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular issues, and disproportionately affects women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. The text emphasizes the role of pancreatic lipase in fat metabolism and its significance as a drug target for obesity treatment. It reviews existing medications like Orlistat that inhibit this enzyme, thereby reducing fat absorption. Furthermore, it explores the potential of medicinal plants and their endophytic fungi derivatives in developing alternative treatments for obesity, underscoring their ability to produce bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects. The document also outlines various challenges in researching endophytic fungi and their lipase inhibitory activities, suggesting that these microorganisms could be valuable resources for new obesity treatments. It concludes by discussing the need for further studies to explore the diversity and capabilities of endophytic fungi in producing lipase inhibitors.

The synthesis of nanoparticles using plants or their parts or powder or whole plant is knownas greensynthesis. In recent years, nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, silver and palladium have drawn immense attention due to the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Particularly, silver nanoparticles have significant interest in medical applications such as very effective antibacterial agents without the toxic effects, and industry application such as inkjet inks containing well uniform dispersions of Nanosized silverparticles that are useful for producing electronic circuits. It is important that the silver nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of Nano-size, but also synthesis of the nanoparticles to be produced easily and at low cost. Over the past few decades, many synthetic methods of silver nanoparticles have been studied. This paperaims to review different synthesis routes of silver nanoparticles and their applications. In particular, we mainly present several chemical approaches to preparing silver nanoparticles and their properties as well asapplications based on our recent studies. The focus is on effective and efficient synthesis ofpure colloidal silver nanoparticles with high electrical conductivity and their potential application. Nanotechnology is a revolutionary science that will have a large impact on human life. Nanoparticles are used for their countless applications in various areas such asenvironment, optical devices, mechanics, health care, biomedical, tissue engineering, gene and drug delivery, food industry, cosmetics etc. This review aims to present and to discuss recent publications related to antibacterial and antifungal activity using the different - different parts of plants like stem, roots, flowers, peel, bark, leaf, fruit, etc. and their silver nanoparticles in order to better understand the possible applications of these nanomaterial’s in a safe manner.

Ochrobactrum anthropi has emerged as opportunistic pathogen in recent times and is known to produce nosocomial infections. Identifying this pathogen is a diagnostic challenge but automation has a role in it. There has been underreporting of the cases or infection due to the low virulence and ignorance of their clinical importance. We report first two cases of bacteremia due to Ochrobactrum anthropi in immunocompromised hosts admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. This work highlights the importance of early diagnosis using automated methods and administration of proper antibiotics for the treatment of patients.