Journal of Global Public Health

A Study to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding prevention and management of Burnout syndrome among staff nurses in JIMSH, Kolkata. West Bengal. Objectives of the Study: • To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding prevention & management of burnout syndrome among staff nurses. • To administer SIM on prevention and management of burnout syndrome among staff nurses. • To assess the post-test knowledge regarding prevention and management of burnout syndrome among staff nurses. • To compare pre-test and post-test knowledge to evaluate the effectiveness of SIM. • To find out the association between pre-test knowledge with selecteddemographic variables. A total of 52 subjects were chosen for the study. The instrument used to generate necessary data were structured questionnaire for knowledge assessment. The research design selected for the study was pre-experimental research design. It consists of, part-A, 8 demographic variables and part-B, 40 knowledge questionnaire. The study was concluded at the Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Budge-Budge, Kolkata. Result: Significant findings of study are: Percentage of subjects between 22-25 year of age were (94.23%), 26-30 year of age (1.92%), more than 30 (3.84%). Percentage distribution of male was (9.61%) and female (90.38%). (5.76%) subjects were married and unmarried (94.23%). Subjects having qualification in B.sc. nursing (7.69%), GNM nursing (88.46%), M.sc. nursing (3.84%). Subjects having area of work in ICU ward (25%), General ward (53.87%), OT (17.30%) and others (3.84%). Subjects having total work experience in 1 years was (3.84%), 2years (13.46%), More than 3years (11.53%), less than 1 year (71.15%). Subjects having 6 hours’ shift were (71.15%), 8 hours (21.18%) and 12 hours (7.6%). The mean post-test knowledge score is 26.76 which is higher than mean pretest knowledge score 22.26. The mean difference between post-test and pre-test knowledge score is 4.5 which indicate Self-instructional module is effective. In pretest standard deviation was 11.218 and post-test was7.84. There was no association between pre-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study has shown that majority of the subjects had inadequate knowledge regarding prevention and management of burnout syndrome among staff nurses however the knowledge has significantly improved after that administration of Self-instructional module on prevention and management of burnout syndrome. Hence it was concluded that self-instructional module about prevention and management of burnout syndrome improved the knowledge of subjects.

Background: Medical negligence is traditionally adjudicated as a breach of contractual duty under consumer protection and tort law. Medical ethics, however, is the prerogative of professional councils, serving as a moral and disciplinary framework. The overlap between these domains raises questions about whether invoking ethics in negligence adjudication is justified. Objective: To critically examine the relationship between medical ethics and medical negligence, and to debate whether ethical codes should influence legal adjudication of negligence in a transactional, contract-based framework of medical services. Methods: An AI-mediated debate format was employed to analyze conceptual distinctions between ethics and law, the custodial role of medical councils, and the contractual nature of medical consent post-Consumer Protection Act. Comparative reasoning and jurisprudential references were used to highlight overlaps and divergences. Results: Findings suggest that: • Medical negligence is primarily a breach of duty of care under contract law, adjudicated by courts. • Breach of ethics is professional misconduct, adjudicated by medical councils, and does not necessarily involve patient harm. • Ethical codes often serve as benchmarks for defining “reasonable care” in negligence cases, creating overlap. • The shift from fiduciary trust to contractual consent has diluted the moral component of medical practice, but ethics remains essential to preserve professional integrity. Conclusion: While medical negligence and ethical misconduct are distinct, ethics provides the normative standards against which negligence is judged. Invoking ethics in negligence adjudication is not about conflating domains, but about ensuring that contractual medicine does not lose its fiduciary essence. Courts and councils thus operate in parallel, with ethics guiding standards and law enforcing liability.

The proposal of One Nation, One Election (ONOE) has re-emerged as a significant electoral reform debate in India, aiming to synchronize elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. This paper revisits the idea through the lens of the High-Level Committee on One Nation, One Election chaired by Ram Nath Kovind. Drawing on the Committee’s report, constitutional provisions, and comparative democratic practices, the study critically examines the rationale, feasibility, and implications of implementing simultaneous elections in India’s federal polity. The paper argues that while ONOE promises administrative efficiency, cost reduction, and policy continuity by minimizing the frequency of elections and the repeated enforcement of the Model Code of Conduct, it also raises serious constitutional, political, and democratic concerns. These include challenges to federalism, the autonomy of states, the principle of representative accountability, and the risk of centralization of political power. By engaging with the Committee’s recommendations, stakeholder responses, and judicial interpretations, the paper highlights the need for broad political consensus, constitutional amendments, and institutional safeguards. The study concludes that electoral reforms such as ONOE must balance efficiency with democratic pluralism, ensuring that reforms strengthen rather than dilute India’s democratic foundations.

The proposal for One Nation, One Election (ONOE) seeks to synchronise elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies in India by 2029, marking a significant transformation in the country’s democratic and federal architecture. Titled “The Synchronised Ballot: Challenges and Opportunities for 2029,” this study critically examines the constitutional, political, administrative, and democratic implications of implementing simultaneous elections in a diverse and federal polity. The paper explores the historical evolution of India’s electoral cycles, the rationale behind ONOE—such as governance stability, reduced election expenditure, administrative efficiency, and policy continuity— and the concerns it raises regarding federal autonomy, regional representation, electoral accountability, and voter behaviour. It further analyses institutional challenges including constitutional amendments, logistical preparedness of the Election Commission of India, and the management of premature dissolutions of legislatures. By situating the ONOE debate within comparative democratic frameworks and India’s unique socio-political context, the study argues that while synchronised elections present opportunities for strengthening governance and reducing electoral fatigue, their success depends on broad political consensus, robust constitutional safeguards, and respect for India’s plural federal structure. The paper concludes by outlining policy pathways and safeguards necessary for ensuring that electoral synchronisation enhances rather than undermines India’s democratic future.

Higher education governance is at a critical juncture, influenced by globalization, digital transformation, and growing demands for equity and accountability. This paper examines the key issues affecting governance, including regulatory overlap, limited institutional autonomy, quality assurance gaps, and resource constraints. It also reviews recent reforms—such as the National Education Policy 2020, international collaborations, and digital governance tools—that seek to enhance efficiency, transparency, and inclusiveness. Finally, the paper highlights emerging innovations in financing, leadership development, and stakeholder engagement, arguing that successful governance requires balancing institutional autonomy with public accountability and aligning higher education systems with national development goals.