Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

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Background: Salivary glands, pivotal for oral health, present diagnostic complexities with diverse pathologies, including neoplasms constituting 6% of head and neck tumors. FNAC proves to be a reliable and cost-effective diagnostic tool, proficient in discerning various salivary gland lesions. Aims: This study aims to comprehensively explore the spectrum of salivary gland lesions within a tertiary care center, emphasizing FNAC precision. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted at Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College and Hospital, Nanded, from January 2021 to September 2023, aimed to comprehensively analyze 60 cases of suspected salivary gland lesions using FNAC. Results: This study examined 60 salivary gland tumor cases, finding a balanced gender distribution (51.67% males, and 48.33% females). Prevalence peaked in ages 31-40 (25%). Parotid (50.00%) and submandibular (43.33%) glands were primary tumor sites. Chronic sialadenitis (30%) dominated non-neoplastic lesions. Pleomorphic Adenoma dominated benign cases (21.67%), while Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma was the most common malignancy (3.33%). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for the neoplastic lesion were 75%, 100%, and 92.86% respectively. Conclusion: This study enhances understanding of the demographic and pathological landscape of salivary gland lesions highlighting the prevalence of non-neoplastic conditions like chronic sialadenitis and specific neoplasms, such as pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FNAC remains pivotal for accurate diagnosis, emphasizing its ongoing role in clinical decision-making.

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are accessory cells which play a major role in antigen presentation. The neoplasms arising from FDC are very rare and have been in reported in both nodal and extra nodal locations. We report 5 cases of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas arising in the head and neck region. Three were nodal and two cases were extra nodal in location. The patients age ranged from 34-46 years. There were 3 males and 2 females. Two cases had multiple recurrences. Surgery was the main stay of treatment with some of them received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. They showed varied morphology with spindle, epithelioid and pleomorphic appearances. Although these neoplasms are extremely rare, it is important to consider them in the differentials, thereby preventing misdiagnosis.

Extrahepatic bile duct Neuroendocrine Tumour (NET) is uncommon, and hence a preoperative diagnosis is rare. The definite diagnosis depends on post-operative histopathology examination and immunohistochemistry studies. Complete excision of the lesion is considered as a curative treatment. We report a case of 39 year old male who presented with obstructive jaundice and imaging suggested Cholangiocarcinoma involving the hepatic ducts. He underwent a right hepatectomy and cholecystectomy with hepatoduodenal lymphadenectomy. The histopathological examination revealed a Neuroendocrine Tumour.