Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing educational practices worldwide, offering new possibilities for personalised learning, adaptive assessment, and enhanced classroom engagement. In India, where the education system faces challenges related to diversity, scale, and unequal access to resources, AI has the potential to play a transformative role. The present study examines the extent and impact of AI integration in Indian classrooms, focusing on adoption levels, types of AI tools used, perceptions of teachers and students, academic performance outcomes, implementation challenges, and policy priorities. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design, using primary data collected through structured questionnaires administered to teachers, students, and school administrators, complemented by secondary data from policy documents and scholarly literature. Data were analyzed using percentage and comparative methods and presented through tabular representations. The findings reveal that while a majority of schools have initiated AI adoption, advanced integration remains limited. Adaptive learning platforms are the most widely used AI tools, and both teachers and students generally perceive AI as enhancing personalized learning and student engagement. The study also indicates measurable improvements in academic performance, particularly in Mathematics and Science. However, significant challenges persist, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, high costs, and limited policy support. The study concludes that AI holds considerable promise for transforming Indian classrooms, but its effective and equitable implementation requires coordinated policy initiatives, sustained investment, teacher capacity building, and robust ethical and data governance frameworks.

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Funding