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Screening of Blood Donors for Transfusion Transmitted Infections: Is Zero Risk Blood Supply Possible?

Smita C. Pathade, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Dr. Ulhas Patil Medical College and Hospital, Jalgaon, Maharashtra 425309, India. , Smita C. Pathade1 , Anagha P. Amale2 , Harshada R. Bhangale3 , Runali D. Mendhe4 , Vilas M. Sangole5

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Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 7(6):p 768-771, June 2018. | DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148X.7618.10

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Abstract

Context: Blood transfusion service is a vital part of the National health service and there is no substitute for human blood and its components. Main objective of National blood policy is to provide safe, adequate quantity of blood, blood components and products. However window period blood donation may not be picked up by the routinely employed screening methods and may carry the risk of transfusing transfusion transmitted infections (TTI).

Aims: Aim of the present study is to find the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted diseases (viz. HIV, HBV, HCV infection, syphilis and malaria) in blood donors.

Methods and Material: Present study is a retrospective study carried out in hospital attached blood bankof Medical college in rural area of Maharashtra. All blood donations received during a period of seven years i.e from January 2010 to December 2016 were included in the study. Results of screening tests performed for HIV, HBV, HCV infection, syphilis and malaria were noted. Data obtained was tabulated and seroprevalence of individual infecton derived.

Results: The seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors in present study is 1.46% with seroprevalence of 0.20% for HIV, 1.11% for HBV, 0.12% for HCV infection and 0.02% for syphilis.

Conclusions: Seroprevalence of TTIs among blood donors has a decreasing trend. However the risk of transmitting infection through blood transfusion even though negligible still persists.

Keywords: Blood Donors; Seroprevalence; Transfusion Transmitted Infections.

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DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148X.7618.10

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