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Role of p53 Mutations in Colorectal Cancer

Anitha S.* , Anitha S.* , Sridevi P.** , Durga K.***

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Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6(1):p 105-110, January - March 2017. | DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148X.6117.17

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Abstract

 Introduction: The p53 tumor suppressor gene undergoes mutations in many diverse human cancers. It is commonly mutated in colorectal adenocarcinomas and can be studied by mutational analysis or by immunohistochemical methods. It has been correlated with poor prognosis and treatment outcomes in colorectal cancers. Aims and Objectives: To perform and interpret p53 immunostaining on all colorectal lesions and infer the rate of p53 positivity and to correlate it with the type of lesion and grade of tumor. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective hospital based study done in two years (October 2009 to October 2011) at MGM Hospital, Warangalin collaboration with Biogene Quest, a research laboratory based in Hyderabad. Tissue from colorectal lesions from 65 patients was studied for histopathology and for p53 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Observations and Results: p53 IHC was done on all the cases. 25/65(38.4%) cases were positive for p53 immunostaining. In these 25 cases, 21 (84%) were colorectal adenocarcinomas,2 (8%) were adenomatous polyps,1 (4%) were hyperplastic polyps and 1(4%) were ulcerative colitis.2/4(50%)adenomatous polyps were positive. Among these positive cases one was adenomatous polyp with highgrade dysplasia and other was tubulo­villous polyp. 21/35 (60%) adenocarcinomas including mucinous adenocarcinoma were positive.61%(13/21) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 55%(5/9)moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, 66%(2/3) poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas showed overexpression of p53. 40% (8/21) cases were located in right colon, 30% (6/20) cases were located in left colon, and 30% (6/20) positive colorectal adenocarcinomas were located in rectum. Conclusion: In our study, p53 overexpression was seen in 60% of colorectal adenocarcinomas and in 50% of adenomas. As p53 mutations are known to have a role in adenomacarcinoma sequence, we recommend testing of all colorectal adenocarcinomas and adenomatous adenomas for p53 mutation.

Keywords: P53; Colorectal Lesions; Adenocarcinomas; Histopathology; Immunohistochemistry.

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DOI: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148X.6117.17

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