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Prevalence and Clinico-Epidemiology of Vitamin D deficiency in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Crosssectional, Observational, Pan-India Study

PG Talwalkar , PG Talwalkar1 , Vaishali Deshmukh2 , M.C. Deepak3 , Dinesh Agrawal4

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Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology 1(1):p 11-18, January - June 2019. | DOI:

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PG Talwalkar, Vaishali Deshmukh, M.C. Deepak. Prevalence and Clinico-Epidemiology of Vitamin D deficiency in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Cross-sectional, Observational, Pan-India Study. Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2019;1(1):11-18.

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Received : N/A         Accepted : N/A          Published : N/A

Abstract

Background: The objective of this clinicoepidemiological, Pan-India study was to evaluate  the prevalence of vitamin D (vitD) deficiency  in Indian patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus  (T2DM), hypertension (HT) and both T2DM and  HT and to understand their management practices.  Methods: Adults with a diagnosis of T2DM, HT or  both were enrolled across 29 sites in India. All the  patient-related data were extracted from medical  records. VitD insufficiency and deficiency was  defined as serum 25(OH)D levels 21-29 ng/ml and  ≤20 ng/ml, respectively.

Results: A total of 1501  (99.5%) patients completed the study (T2DM:99.2%;  HT:99.6%; T2DM+HT: 99.8%). Mean age at diagnosis  of vitD deficiency was 52.5±10.77 years. Prevalence  of patients with low vitD levels (vitD deficiency  [60.9%] and insufficiency [22.9%]) was 1257 (83.7%);  1231 (82%) were newly diagnosed cases. Prevalence  of low vitD levels amongst patients with T2DM,  HT and T2DM+HT was 84.2%, 82.6% and 84.5%,  respectively. Out of 1257 patients, 84.8% received  vitD supplementation. Preferred dose and route of  administration was 60,000 IU (70.2%) and oral (79.6%).  Preferred frequency of dose was once in a week  (76.7%). VitD deficiency (26.9%), vitD insufficiency  (34.5%), symptoms of vitD deficiency (10.4%) and comorbid condition (1.8%) were the factors considered  while prescribing vitD supplements.

Conclusion: Prevalence of vitD deficiency was higher in newly  diagnosed cases compared to already diagnosed  cases in all three cohorts. This study indicates the  magnitude of overlap between vitD deficiency and  T2DM or HT, and the need for routine screening for  early diagnosis and effective management.

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PG Talwalkar, Vaishali Deshmukh, M.C. Deepak. Prevalence and Clinico-Epidemiology of Vitamin D deficiency in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension: A Cross-sectional, Observational, Pan-India Study. Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2019;1(1):11-18.

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Keywords

Deficiency; hypertension; type-2 diabetes mellitus; insufficiency.

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