Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent among the geriatric population in India, driven by aging-related metabolic changes and lifestyle factors. The gut– glycemic axis has emerged as a key regulator linking intestinal microbiota with glucose metabolism. Dysbiosis contributes to insulin resistance, inflammation, and poor glycemic control in T2DM. Metformin, the first-line therapy, exerts part of its effects through modulation of gut microbiota. Prebiotics and probiotics have shown potential in improving metabolic outcomes by enhancing beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Their use alongside metformin may provide synergistic benefits and improve treatment tolerance. However, evidence in the Indian elderly population remains limited despite distinct dietary and microbiome patterns. Understanding these interactions may enable development of targeted, microbiome-based strategies for better diabetes management.

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Data Sharing Statement

Funding