Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology

Acromegaly and gigantism are rare clinical entities caused by hyper secretion of growth hormone (GH) produced by solid monoclonal somatotropic pituitary adenoma that occurs sporadically. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge level about acromegaly and gigantism among medicine UG students posted at diabetic unit. In this presents study the researcher employed descriptive and quantitative approach. The number of subjects was 25, and purposive sampling technique was used for data collection and analysis. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge level about acromeg aly and gigantism among medicine UG students posted at diabetic unit and to determine association between knowledge level and selected demographic variables. Materials & Methods: The methodology employed in the present study is descriptive in nature, for evaluating the level of knowledge structured questionnaires are used, number of subjects were 25, and sampling technique of the present study is purposive sampling, and for data analysis descriptive and inferential statistics used. Results: Revealed that knowledge level in accordance to qualification with mean, mean percentage and standard deviation. Medicine UG 1st year, revealed that majority of the respondents perceived poor score that is about 1 (60%), and SD is 6.1. more or less similar respondents perceived average score that is about 1.5 (40%), and SD will be 3.5. Medicine UG 2nd year, revealed that majority of therespondents perceived average score that is about 2 (66.66%), and SD is 6.5. more or less similar respondents perceived poor score that is about 0.5 (16.66%), and SD will be 2.6, and more or less similar respondents perceived good score that is about 0.5 (16.66%) and SD will be 2.6. Medicine UG 3rd year, revealed that majority of the respondents perceived good score that is about 2 (57.14%), and SD is 7.4, and more or less similar respondents perceived very good score that is about 1.5 (42.85%), and SD will be 3.6. Medicine UG 4th year, evealed that majority of the respondents perceived very good score that is about 2 (57.14%), and SD is 7.4, and more or less similar respondents perceived good score that is about 1.5 (42.85%), and SD will be 3.6. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that majority of the findings belonged medicine UG 4th year students have very good level of knowledge score, and medicine UG 3rd year students have good knowledge score, and medicine UG 2nd year students have average knowledge score, and medicine UG 1st year students have poor knowledge score compared to other qualification.

Background: The endocrine system is essential for sustaining the body’s equilibrium and overseeing numerous physiological functions. In this intricate system, two medical conditions, hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism, arise, each impacting distinct glands and resulting in specific symptomatology. This article explores the fundamental distinctions between hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism, investigating the causes of two disease conditions, their symptoms, and the most effective treatment alternatives for these endocrine disorders. Hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two terms that may appear similar, yet they refer to distinct medical conditions. Aims: To evaluate the level of level of knowledge regarding hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism among staff nurses, and to find out the relationship between knowledge score regarding hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism among staff nurses with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The methodology employed in the current study was descriptive in nature, for evaluating the knowledge self-structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used, numbers of subjects were 40, sampling technique of the present study is purposive sampling. Results: Table 5: Revealed that majority of the respondents perceived average score that is about 5 (12.5%), and SD is 2.7. more or less similar respondents perceived good score that is about 5 (12.5%), and SD will be 2.8, and less similar respondents perceived poor score that is about 2 (5%), and SD will be 1.6. Table 6: Revealed that majority of the respondents perceived average score that is about 6 (15%), and SD is 3.1. more or less similar respondents perceived good score that is about 3 (8%), and SD will be 2.8, and less similar respondents perceived poor score that is about 2 (5%), and SD will be 1.8. Table 7: Revealed that majority of the respondents perceived average score that is about 6 (15%), and SD is 3.6. more or less similar respondents perceived very good score that is about 5 (13%), and SD will be 2.9, more or less similar respondents perceived good score that is about 3 (7%), and SD will be 2.8, and less similar respondents perceived poor score that is about 3 (7%), and SD will be 2.3. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that majority of the staff nurses belonged to Diploma in GNM nursing staffs perceived average knowledge, PB. B.Sc. nursing staffs perceived good knowledge, and Basic B.Sc. Nursing staffs perceived very good knowledge about hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Bone mineral density has been assessed using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Bone mineral density is measured according to the results of the Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry examination of the vertebral column and pelvis. Although gestational DM is known to affect bone mineral density, at the present time this particular relationship is not clear, in this study evaluating the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on bone mineral density among postmenopausal women’s. Bone density of controls and patients was measured using a DEXA scan in this study the number of samples were 125, the investigator employed purposive sampling technique for data collection demographic Performa and semi-structure questionnaire was used, and for data analysis inferential statistics used from SPSS software. Aim: Is to evaluate the impact of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women with gestational DM using X-ray absorptiometry and to determine association between impact of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women with gestational DM using X-ray absorptiometry and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Outpatient Clinic of Rheumatology, Arihant Multispecialty tertiary care teaching, Belagavi. From February 2026 to April as a part of evaluating the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on bone mineral density among postmenopausal women’s, the number of samples were 125, the investigator employed purposive sampling technique for data collection demographic Performa and semi-structure questionnaire was used, and for data analysis inferential statistics used from SPSS software. Results: Graph 1, revealed that majority of the respondents having left leg and knee deformity their mean is 14 (30%) and SD will be 11.4, more or less similar results showing right leg and knee deformity their mean is 12 (26%) and SD will be 8.3, , more or less similar results showing left upper arm and elbow deformity their mean is 10 (24%) and SD will be 6.7, and less similar results showing right upper arm and elbow deformity their mean is 9 (20%) and SD will be 5.4. Conclusion: At the end of investigation the researcher concluded that based on bone mineral density of the upper extremities and lower extremities with osteoporosis among females majority of the finding are 14 (30%) are having left leg and knee deformity, and based on Type of DM among postmenopausal women’s with their mean, mean (%), and SD, revealed that majority of the respondents having Type I (DM) is about 28 (63%) and SD will be 5.4, and 21 (37%) and SD will be 6.7.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent among the geriatric population in India, driven by aging-related metabolic changes and lifestyle factors. The gut– glycemic axis has emerged as a key regulator linking intestinal microbiota with glucose metabolism. Dysbiosis contributes to insulin resistance, inflammation, and poor glycemic control in T2DM. Metformin, the first-line therapy, exerts part of its effects through modulation of gut microbiota. Prebiotics and probiotics have shown potential in improving metabolic outcomes by enhancing beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Their use alongside metformin may provide synergistic benefits and improve treatment tolerance. However, evidence in the Indian elderly population remains limited despite distinct dietary and microbiome patterns. Understanding these interactions may enable development of targeted, microbiome-based strategies for better diabetes management.