Abstract

Thyroid diseases are among the commonest endocrine disorders worldwide. India too, is no exception. According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid diseases. Since mortality and morbidity in thyroid cancer is often measured over decades, there is a paucity of prospective clinical studies that are capable of evaluating various tests and to find out the cost and time saving methods which may significantly reduce patient morbidity and unnecessary surgery in benign thyroid disease. Objectives of present study was to study anti thyroperoxidase (AntiTPO) antibody, anti-thyroglobulin (anti TG) antibody and immune expression of HBME1 and galacten 3 in various thyroid lesions. This is a prospective 2 year study from January 2015 to December 2016. All cases referred to cytology section were included and individual on hormone therapy or antithyroid drugs were excluded from study. FNAC was done in all cases. Thyroid function test, anti TPO and anti TG antibodies were measured. Histopathology correlation of cases was done of resected thyroid tissue and immune markers HBME 1 and galectin 3 was done where ever required. 165 cases had cytological diagnosis reframed under Bethesda reporting and serum biomarkers level obtained. 71 cases had histopathological correlation and observed nodular goiter commonest non neoplastic lesion followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma. HBME 1 is specific to differentiate benign and malignant lesions and galectin 3 is highly specific for papillary carcinoma. Auto-antibodies are markedly raised in autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary carcinoma. To conclude autoantibodies level estimation helps in clinical diagnosis and management of thyroid lesions. Immunohistochemistry plays vital role in confirmation of malignant lesions.

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