Abstract

Age estimation is one of the prime factors employed to establish identity. It is possible to arrive at a close estimation of age in children by studying the eruption pattern of the deciduous and permanent teeth. Subjects from different ethnic and socioeconomic groups present different stages of maturation, with remarkable genetic variations in the order of appearance of tooth. Hence there is a need to study the chronology and sequence of tooth eruption for the different populations [2]. In the present study, students from three different schools, belonging to different socioeconomic status were examined to present a new data on the timing and sequence of eruption permanent tooth. A total of 2925 students were selected for the study after ascertaining their exact age from the records. The mean age of eruption of permanent maxillary teeth is as follows: First molar (6.9 ± 0.7 years), Central incisor (7.8 ± 0.8 years), Lateral incisor (8.8 ± 0.8 years), First premolar (10.7 ± 1.0 years), Second premolar (11.5 ± 0.9 years), Canine (11.6 ± 0.9 years) and Second molar (12 ± 0.8 years). The mean age of eruption of permanent mandibular teeth is as follows: First molar (6.3 ± 0.8 years), Central incisor (7.5 ± 0.8 years), Lateral incisor (7.9 ± 0.7 years), Canine (10.8±0.8years),First premolar(11.1 ± 0.5 years), Second premolar (11.8 ± 0.8 years) and Second molar (11.9 ± 0.7 years). The mandibular teeth tended to erupt earlier than the corresponding maxillary teeth in both sexes except the premolars.

• 1.   Gradwohl R B H. Forensic Odontology. In: Francis E. Camps, editors: Gradwohl’s legal medicine, 3rd ed. Bristol: John Wright and Sons Ltd; 1976: 137.
• 2.   Cleide Felício de Carvalho Carrara. Chronolgy and sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. The Cleft Palate-craniofacial Journal; 41(6): 642–45.
• 3.   Clements. E.M.B, Davies Thomas E, and Pickett K.G. Time of eruption of permanent teeth in British children in 1947-8. Brit Med J 1953;1421-24.
• 4.   Albert A. Dahlberg and Renée M. Menegaz-Bock. Emergence of the Permanent Teeth in Pima Indian Children, J Dent Res 1958; 37:1123.
• 5.   Bhim Sen Savara and John C Steen. Timing and sequence of eruption of permanent teeth in a longitudinal sample of children from Oregon. JADA; 97:209.
• 6.   Diamanti Jand, Townsend G C. New standard for permanent tooth emergence in Australian children. Aust Dent J 2003; 48(1):39-42.
• 7.   Wedl J S, Schoder V, Blake F A S, Schmelzle R, Friedrich R E. Eruption times of permanent teeth in teenage boys and girls in Izmir (Turkey). J Clin Forensic Med 2004; 11:299-302.
• 8.   Shourie K.L. Eruption of teeth in India. Indian J Med Res 1946; 35(1):105.
• 9.   Kaul. S, Sushama Saini, Bindu Saxena. Emergence of permanent teeth in school children in Chandigarh, India. Arch Oral Biol; 20:587-93.
• 10.   Amrit Tewari, Harpinder Singh Chawla. Study of sequence and eruption age of permanent teeth in North Indian children, Chandigarh, Bull P G;1,12,2 (cited by Thankappan K in his thesis “A study on the eruption of permanent teeth in Kerala – with a view to determine age” to the University of Kerala in 1981, p44.
• 11.   Upendar kishore, Verma SK, Sharma GK. Estimation of age based on the stages of eruption of permanent 2nd and 3rd molar teeth. Indian Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology 2003:1(1).
• 12.   Rakhi Gupta, Sivapathasundaram B, Einstein A. Eruption age of permanent mandibular first molars and central incisors in the South Indian population. Indian J Dent Res 2007; 18(4):186-89.
• 13.   Rajendran, Daniel T. A study done on permanent tooth eruption in mixed dentition-its relation to socioeconomic status, Dissertation submitted to Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, September, 2003. (cited by Mathiharan K and Amrith K Patnaik. Modi’s Medical Jurisprudence and toxicology, 23rd edition, p 280).
• 14.   Thankappan K. A study on the eruption of permanent teeth in Kerala-with a view to determine age. Thesis submitted to the University of Kerala in 1981.
• 15.   Sushma Jaswal. Age and sequence of permanent tooth emergence among Khasis. Am J Phys Anthropol; 62(2):177-186.
• 16.   Rajan Gaur, Ningthoujam Yaima Singh. Eruption of permanent teeth among the meities of Manipur, India. Am J Hum Biol; 6(3):321-28.
• 17.   Friedrich R E, Katerii H, Wedl J S, Scheuer H A. Eruption times of permanent teeth in children and adolescents of Paderborn, Westphalia, Germany. Arch kriminol 2006; 217(1-2):20-35.
• 18.   Freidrich R E, Leist A, Scheur H A. Eruption times of permanent teeth in children and adolescents in the German state of Saarland. Arch Kriminol 2008; 222(3-4):73-104.
• 19.   Sharma K, Mittal S. Permanent tooth emergence in Gujjars of Punjab. Anthropol Anz 2001; 59(2): 165-78.
• 20.   Kochhar R and Richardson A. The chronology and sequence of eruption of human permanent teeth in Northern Ireland. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998; 8:243-52.
• 21.   Moslemi M. An epidemiological survey of the time and sequence of eruption of permanent teeth in 4- 15 year olds in Tehran, Iran. Int J Paediatr Dent 2004; 14:432-38.