Abstract

Thyroid angiosarcoma is a very rare malignancy that is mostly seemn in elderly of alpine regions, related to high prevalence of iodine deÀcient goiter. Its is a very aggressive tumour that can rapidly spread to the cervical lymph nodes, lungs, brain or can metastasize to the duodenum, small bowel and large bowel. Metastatic disease is associated with poor prognosis and limits the mean survival time to a few months after diagnosis and surgical treatment.

• 1.   Ryska A, Ludvikova M, Szepe P, Böör A. Epithelioid haemangiosarcoma of the thyroid gland. Report of six cases from a non-Alpine region. Histopathology. 2004 Jan;44(1):40-6.
• 2.   Heitz PU, Komminoth P, Perren A, Klimstra DS, Dayal Y, Bordi C. Pathology and genetics: Tumors of endocrine organs. WHO classiÀcation of tumours.
• 3.   Eusebi V, Carcangiu ML, Dina R, Rosai J. Keratin-Positive Epithelioid Angiosarcoma of Thyroid; A Report of Four Cases. The American journal of surgical pathology. 1990 Aug 1;14(8):737.
• 4.   Sniezek JC, Holtel M. Rare tumors of the thyroid gland. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2003 Feb 1;36(1):107-15.
• 5.   Papotti M, Arrondini M, Tavaglione V, Veltri A, Volante M. Diagnostic controversies in vascular proliferations of the thyroid gland. Endocrine pathology. 2008 Sep;19:175-83.
• 6.   Isa NM, James DT, Saw TH, Pennisi R, Gough I. Primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland with recurrence diagnosed by Àne needle aspiration: a case report. Diagnostic cytopathology. 2009 Jun;37(6):427-32.
• 7.   Goh SG, Chuah KL, Goh HK, Chen YY. Two cases of epithelioid angiosarcoma involving the thyroid and a brief review of non-Alpine epithelioid angiosarcoma of the thyroid. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2003 Feb 1;127(2):e70-3.
• 8.   Petronella P, Scorzelli M, Luise R, Iannaci G, Sapere P, Ferretti M, Costanzo RM, Freda F, Canonico S, Rossiello R. Primary thyroid angiosarcoma: an unusual localization. World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2012 May 3;10(1):73.
• 9.   Astl J, Duskova J, Límanová Z, Povysil C, Kuchynková Z. Hemangiosarcoma of the thyroid gland. A case report. Neuroendocrinology Letters. 2000 Jan 1;21(3):213-20.
• 10.   Hassan I, Barth P, Celik I, Hoffmann S, Langer P, Ramaswamy A, Wagner HJ, Rothmund M, Zielke A. An authentic malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid. 2005 Dec 1;15(12):1377-81.
• 11.   Maiorana A, Collina G, Cesinaro AM, Fano RA, Eusebi V. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the thyroid: clinicopathological analysis of seven cases from non-Alpine areas. Virchows Archiv. 1996 Oct;429:131-7.
• 12.   Papotti M, Volante M, Negro F, Eusebi V, Bussolati G. Thyroglobulin mRNA expression helps to distinguish anaplastic carcinoma from angiosarcoma of the thyroid. Virchows Archiv. 2000 Dec;437:635-42.
• 13.   Benbella L, Elouarith I, Ouazzani HE, Bernoussi Z, Lahlou MK, Zouaidia F. Thyroid angiosarcoma: A case report and review of literature. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2022 Aug 1;97:107358.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding