Journal of Microbiology and Related Research

Composting is one of the feasible waste disposal methods used by municipal corporations. This study was aimed to assess the use of kitchen waste in home composting, which can be used in home gardens as plant fertilizer, which is more economical and non-hazardous than commercial chemical fertilizers. Solid waste like vegetable scraps, fruit peels, tissues, newspapers, dry leaves and twigs were used as raw materials for composting in a plastic bag and bucket. A plant growth study was carried out to check the efficiency of compost in plants. Plant with compost from plastic bucket shows the highest efficiency compared to other. We performed different tests to estimate the physio-chemical properties of compost and showed that the prepared compost was a dark brown color. Total C: N ratio was 10.1,13.2 and 3.1 in sample 1, sample 2 and control, respectively. The pH of the compost was alkaline after two months of composting. The results revealed that compost in plastic bag has less nutrient content. Nutrient loss can be a significant drawback of home composting.

Introduction: Among fungal infections, invasive candidiasis is often associated with increased number of morbidity and death rate. Candida species causing so many infections range from non fatal mucocutaneous infections to fatal blood stream infections, so the aim of this study is isolate and speciate the Candida species and their anti-fungal susceptibility to avoid unnecessarily consumption of anti-fungal drugs. Material & Methods: A Prospective study which was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences Udaipur. Specimen collected from the various sites were collected and cultured on SDA agar and incubated. Identification of Candida species was done through Hi-Crome Candida Differential Agar and anti-fungal susceptibility was evaluated by VITEK-2 automated system and results were calculated through statistical analysis. Results: Out of 64 Candida isolates, 34.38% were Candida albicans, followed by Candida tropicalis (31.25%) Candida krusei (20.31%), Candida kefyr (12.50%) and Candida glabrata (1.56%). The most common Candida species isolated from urine were Candida albicans (34.24%) followed by Candida tropicalis (31.25%). Voriconazole (92.19%) and Amphotericin B (89.06%) were found the most sensitive drugs against the Candida isolates followed by Flucytosine (79.69%), Caspofungin (76.56%), Micafungin (70.31%) and Fluconazole (62.50%). All the Candida kefyr isolates were susceptible to Voriconazole, Amphotericin B and Flucytosine and resistant to Fluconazole. all Candida glabrata isolates were susceptible to all the 4 drugs except Micafungin and Caspofungin. Conclusion: The present study shows the distribution of Candida species in various clinical specimens and also revealed that Non-albicans Candida species are emerging as the predominant species. The increased resistance of Candida isolates towards common anti-fungal drugs which is a concern around all over the world.

Blood systemic infections (BSIs) are major threat in hemodialysis patients. BSIs are diagnosed by blood culturing for bacteria and serology for virus infections. These two methods are time taking and expensive and not covering all BSI microbes. An attempt is made to compare microbial culturing and viral screening with serology by ELISA with blood metagenomic sequencing and sequence analysis. In blood agar media culturing 7 microbes (6 bacterial and 1 fungus), in ELISA screening 0 viruses and in metagenomic sequence analysis 24 microbes (19 bacteria and 1 fungus, 3 viruses, 1 mycoplasma) were detected. Unculturable bacteria are also detected by metagenomic sequence analysis. Hence metagenomic sequence analysis can be best as method for effective detection of BSI’s.

In the intricate dance of nature, algae emerge not just as the silent architects of vibrant underwater realms, but as the unsung heroes with the power to breathe life into the natural world. In this comprehensive analysis we go through how algae jack into— carbon’s void by sequestering carbon of CO2 using photosynthesis and mitigates greenhouse emissions, purifies tainted waters by using wastes from wastewater like nutrients, sparks a green revolution as it produces biofuels and being used as food for nutrient enrichment as well as monitors environment as biosensors, thus concluding into algae’s ability to transcending conventional boundaries of environmental stewardship. The more emphasis will be on illuminating on major benefits like biofuels, carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment which might be sweet in the citrus.

In this world of rapidly growing techs and steadfast alternatives which rather damage environment than make it flourishing, we need the actual green alternative which will efficiently supersede— the intoxication by petro fuels, waste-treatment machinery, green house effects and many more. This search of alternative has made its way to sleek end through the cultivation of algae and its benefits. As little amounts will do no good to the seeking benefits the major ways found by scientists soaring through early methods like dilution isolation method and use of stencil & gelatine to create patterns to more modern ways of open pond systems to photobioreactors. The review includes various efficient ways of algal cultivation such as use of photobioreactors, open raceways, two-phase hybrid systems and 3D triangular systems by discussing its limitations plus advantages. The photo bioreactors though providing more efficiency than open pond system they still are not much used. The greed for improved systems made discovery of the two-phase hybrid systems which obliterates disadvantage of both systems which are discussed. Though the thirst of improving led to the more different designs in the way of trials like 3D triangular systems which will be honoured in this review. We also go through a brief glimpse of algae’s role in replacing synthetic plastics with its bioplastic production as it shows very versatile group of polymers and high degradability.