Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a prevalent haemoglobinopathy worldwide, with Gujarat exhibiting a notably high prevalence. This study focuses on the frequency and genotype distribution of SCA within the tribal community of Dahod, aiming to enhance public health outcomes and contribute to a sickle cell-free India. Study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, it analyses data from 12,259 individuals during June 2024 to August 2024. The findings reveal a 17.15% prevalence of SCA among the tribal community. Among HbS positive individuals, SCT-AS genotype was observed in 14.55% of cases, while the SCD HbSb0thal genotype was noted in 2.61% of cases. The frequency of SCT Hb-AS is approximately 5.6 times higher than that of SCD HbSb0thal among the HbS-positive tribal population. Additionally, a gender disparity was observed, with a higher frequency in females.

Introduction: Female breast lesions are much more common than lesions of the male breast, which is seldom affected. The lesions are usually present in the form of palpable lump, sometimes painful, nodules or masses. Accurate and timely diagnosis of a breast lump can prevent anxiety of the patient and also early intervention can be life saving. Carcinoma breast is the most common and deadly malignancy of women globally. Each year, 1.7 million women are diagnosed with breast lesions and one in three die of the disease. It is the most common cancer among women in India accounting for 27% of all cancers in women. Objective: 1 To study the spectrum of benign and malignant breast lesions. 2 To identify the most common age group and type of breast lesion. Materials and method: 100 cases of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions of the breast were evaluated from Jan 2018 to Jan 2020 which were sent to the department of Pathology, The Oxford Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. Specimens were fixed in 10% Formalin. Specimens were grossed, processed, sectioned and stained using routine Haematoxylin and Eosin and were observed under microscope. Result: Out of the 100 resected specimens, 4 cases were non neoplastic, 79 were benign and 17 cases were malignant. Fibroadenoma was most common (44%) benign lesion and Invasive ductal carcinoma – No Special Type (NST 14%) was the most common malignant breast lesion. Other uncommon lesions like Tubular adenoma, blunt duct adenosis with columnar cell hyperplasia and Papillary Carcinoma were also seen. Conclusion: In differentiating benign, in situ, borderline and malignant breast lesions, histopathogical examination is the mainstay of accurate and confirmatory diagnosis. It helps in assessing the risk of the patient in developing cancer and appropriate treatment plan for each case.

Background: Placental chorangioma is a benign angioma arising from chorionic tissue. These are well demarcated placental mass composed of capillaries, stromal cells and surrounding trophoblast arising in a stem villus. Case report: A 28-year-old, gravida 2 para 1, L1 was admitted for abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and foul smelling discharge. She had history of normal vaginal delivery at home two month back. On per vaginal examination cervix dilated, foul smelling discharge was noted. Clinically suspected of retained placenta, placenta increta. USG abdomen and pelvis showed an enlarged uterus with a focal heterogeneously hyperechoic lesion measures 44x23x34mm noted in the upper endometrial cavity. Moderate increase vascularity in color doppler examination. The findings likely placental remains (? Placenta increta) / retained product of conceptions. No pelvic mass was seen. Hysterecscopy with dilation and curettage were done for removal of retained products. On gross pathological examination single, rounded, well demarcated placental mass was seen. It was firm, reddish brown in color with localization on the fetal side of the placental disk. On histopathology reported as placental chorangioma cellular subtype. Chorioamnitis was noted. Areas of degenerative changes, necrosis, focal calcification, and hyalinization was noted. Conclusion: Placental chorioangioma is a rare benign tumor of the placenta. Early diagnosis, close prenatal checkup and monitor with appropriate intervention may prevent severe fetal and maternal complications and perinatal mortality related to chorioangioma.

Introduction: Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) is a unique rare neuroepithelial tumor arising from unique ependymocytes of the subcommissural organ, different from the pineal gland Affecting less than 1% of adult intracranial tumors, PTPR presented unique diagnostic challenges due to rarely and because of its nature papillary pattern does. Case presentation: We report a 25-year-old man initially treated for acute hydrocephalus and later diagnosed with PTPR. Radiologic examination revealed a typical pineal area mass, and histopathology examination confirmed PTPR with prominent papillary structures. Immunohistochemistry played an important role in supporting the disease. Conclusion: This article outlines a complex approach to the diagnosis of PTPR, including radiology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, it highlights the uniqueness of PTPR in pineal-parenchymal tumor classification, as outlined in the WHO classification for 2021. This report contributes to the paucity of literature on this rare tumor, and highlights comprehensive diagnostic approach when evaluating pineal region masses.