Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

Context: In this study, we have analyzed the spectrum of Neuronal and mixed Neuronal-Glial tumours and their incidence, age distribution, gender distribution and site of occurrence at a Government tertiary care hospital over a period of six years. Aims: To assess the spectrum and prognosis of Neuronal and mixed Neuronal-Glial tumours and to review the slides from 2014 in accordance with the recent classification. Materials and Methods: This study includes cases from over a period of six years from 2014-2019, analyzed both retrospectively and prospectively. The slides were reviewed in accordance with the recent classification. Results: We identified 38 cases, which included 11 cases of Central Neurocytoma, 10 cases of Ganglioglioma, 10 cases of DysembryoplasticNeuroepithelial tumour, 3 cases of Anaplastic ganglioglioma, 3 cases of Papillary glioneuronal tumour and 1 case of Paraganglioma. 24 cases were WHO grade I, 11 cases grade II and 3 casesgrade III.Central Neurocytoma predominantly occurred in the age group 20–30 and commonly affected males. The commonest site was intraventricular region. Ganglioglioma predominantly occurred in the age group 30-50 and males and females were equally affected. The commonest site involved was fronto-temporal region. DysembryoplasticNeuroepithelial tumour occurred predominantly in the age group 10-20 years and commonly affected males. The commonest site was frontal region.Among the three cases of Papillary glioneuronal tumour, which are usually low grade neoplasms, one case presented with recurrence. Conclusion: The present study helps in gaining experience in the clinical and histological profile of these diverse tumours. Keymessages: A case of papillary glioneuronal tumour presented with recurrence which emphasizes the need for molecular profiling of these neoplasms for better understanding.

During the current pandemic of COVID-19 there are increased cases with super infections by mucormycosis. This study is performed with an aim to evaluate clinico histomorphological features of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis(CAM). Material and Methods: A total of 3365 COVID 19 positive cases were reported during the last 8 months. A total of 494 patients with COVID 19 were admitted for >24 hours during this study period. Among these 13 cases of mucormycosis were diagnosed. All cases were positive for Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RT PCR assay. The detail clinical examination and required investigations were included. The operative details and histopathological gross and microscopic findings were noted. The characteristics type of inflammation, necrosis, fungal hyphae, presence of granulomatous reaction, angioinvasion and perineural invasion,bony tissue pathology were noted. The special stain like PAS, Grocott Gomori's methenaminesilver stainwere done. The data was analysed. Results: The age range of patients was from 10 to 65 year. There was a male preponderance. The 6 (46%) patients had pre existing diabetes mellitus, 3 (23%) patients had received steroids during the treatment, 1 patient hadcoexisting HIV/AIDS infection, 3 (23%) patients had history of hypertension. The radio imaging revealed soft tissue swelling in the preseptal, malar, premaxillary and retrobulbar regions with paranasal sinusitis. Nasal involvement was seen in all 13 cases (100%), orbital involvement in 5 cases (37%) and cerebral involvement in 3 cases (23%). On histomorphological study characteristic fungal hyphae of mucormycosis were seen in all cases. The acute or chronic inflammation, necrosis were seen in all cases. The granulomatous reaction was seen in 23%, angioinvasion in 46% and perineural invasion in 15% cases. One case revealed co-exisisting HIV/AIDS and another with actinomycosis co-infection. Conclusions: In COVID 19 patients Mucormycosis is one of the important associated infection within this pandemic. This increase in incidence is related to various risk factors being systemic preexisting disease, IV infection, diabetics, use of steroid and immunosuppression etc.The mucormycosis patients are treated by early identification, monitoring risk factors, followed by proper surgical intervention and administration of the appropriate antifungal medication. This histopathological study will be of importance in early diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19 and would help improve outcomes in world pandemic time. We are presenting these casesof CAM for its clinical, radio imaging, and histopathological findings.

Cervical lymphadenopathy is one of the most common clinical presentations with a rising trend of non neoplastic lymphadenopathies. This study aims at describing our experience in a tertiary care centre of South India for a period of one year. Fine needle aspiration cytology is the investigation of choice and the most common investigating tool used for diagnosis. However, owing to its diagnostic restrictions,excision biopsy with histopathological study remains the gold standard diagnostic tool in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Paediatric Pathology has always been a challenge: an attractive and at the same time a menace for all the pathologists. Hepatomegaly is a common mode of presentation of disorders specific to childhood and common systemic diseases. Liver biopsies remains the procedure of choice for many hepatic disorders for both primary diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. In this study, aim was to document the patterns of liver disease in paediatric age group and study the role of histopathologist in identifying hepatic diseases in children.