Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

In this study we tried to evaluate the diagnostic ability of Cancer ratio in patients of exudative pleural effusion. Malignant and Tubercular pleural effusion are the two most common exudative pleural effusion encountered. Both of them can present with similar clinical and radiological features. A diagnostic tool that can differentiate between them early is awaited since long time. Methods: This is study of pleural effusion (exudative) in patients admitted in Department of Respiratory Medicine Results: LDH levels in serum and ADA levels in pleural fluid, their ratio which will be known as “Cancer Ratio”. Pleural fluid ADA is assumed to be negatively correlated with malignant effusion, on the other hand serum LDH with Serum LDH: pleural fluid ADA ratio to be positively linked with patients of malignant pleural effusion. Conclusion: Serum LDH: pleural fluid ADA ratio will distinguish malignant from non-malignant effusion. This can be done very early after admission or on outpatient basis and can yield result as early as within one hour of admission. This is one of the pioneer study in India.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic illness that is very common, progressive, and incapacitating. Over the past 20 years, there has been a sharp increase in the global prevalence of diabetes. Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted consisted of 66 patients (35 in Shotblocker Group, 31 in control group) who applied Subcutaneous Insulin Injections in Hospitalized Adults Patients with Type 2 Diabetes between September 2024 to January 2025. to examine the effect of the Shotblocker on the intensity of pain and the degree of patient satisfaction during the administration of subcutaneous insulin injections The study data were collected using the Structured Information Form, VAS for Pain and VAS for Satisfaction. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS version 27). Results: The age of the participants included in this study ranged between 18 years and older with a mean age of the Shotblocker group 56.71±10.269 and mean age of the control group 51.71±16.584 of total study participants. Most of the participated was Female (71.4%) in the shotblocker group and male was (44.4%) in control group Conclusions: Consort statement was followed for reporting. After the subcutaneous insulin injections, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the mean scores of VAS for pain and VAS for Injection Satisfaction (p < .000). It was determined that Shotblocker application was more effective in reducing the pain and in increasing satisfaction that occurs during of subcutaneous insulin injections according to the Shotblocker groups and control groups.

Knee pain is a prevalent clinical concern with diverse etiologies, ranging from acute trauma to degenerative and inflammatory conditions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning. While clinical examination and radiography are often used initially, they may miss subtle internal derangements. In this study we aim to assess the role of MRI in evaluation of knee joint anomalies. A total of 101 patients with clinically suspected knee pathology underwent knee MRI using a 1.5 Tesla scanner. MRI sequences included axial, sagittal, and coronal views using T1, T2, PD, and fat-saturated protocols. Findings were interpreted by experienced musculoskeletal adiologists. ACL injuries were the most common pathology, with 18.8% complete tears and 17.8% partial tears. PCL abnormalities were less frequent (9.9% partial tears, 5.0% complete tears). MCL tears were observed in 5.9%, while LCL injuries were rare (2.0%). The medial meniscus showed pathological changes in 39.6%, mainly Grade II tears and degeneration. Lateral meniscus abnormalities were infrequent (8.9%). Joint effusions were present in 64.4% of cases, with mild effusion being most common. Osteoarthritic changes were detected in 17.8%, chondromalacia in 7.9%, and bone contusions in 4%. MRI is a highly effective modality for the evaluation of knee pain, providing detailed visualization of soft tissue and bony structures. It significantly improves diagnostic accuracy for ligamentous, meniscal, and joint pathologies, particularly in cases where clinical and radiographic assessments are inconclusive. MRI should be considered the imaging modality of choice in symptomatic patients with suspected internal derangements.

Background: Tennis elbow is a common musculoskeletal condition of elbow in which the extensors muscles of the wrist are affected. The pain occurs in the elbow joint and can also be seen in the wrist joint. Literature reported that tennis elbow occurs due to the overuse of the muscle and the tendons causing inflammation. Objective: To evaluate the Effectiveness of Novel Noxipoint Therapy vs Ultrasound Therapy for Pain relief and Functional activity in Tennis Elbow. Materials and methods: A total of 30 patients (both male and female, age group between 18 to 45years) with tennis elbow were recruited from rgu campus. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (groups A and group B). Both groups comprising 15 patients each in a group. The informed consent forms were received from each patients before participating in the study. In group A, each patients received noxipoint therapy for a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks. In group B, each patients received ultrasound therapy for a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks. The pain intensity (NPRS) and Functional disability (PREE) were the outcome measures assessed at the baseline and 10 th session of the intervention. Result: Both the treatment were effective in reducing pain and improving functional disability but there is no significant ifferences between the two treatments (p>0.05). Conclusion: Noxipoint therapy and Ultrasound therapy is beneficial for persons with chronic tennis elbow. This study showed enhancement of both the groups when pain and functional activity of elbow were evaluated after the intervention period, utilising the NPRS and PREE to score. However, there wasn’t any significant difference when both the modalities were compared. Therefore, both Noxipont therapy and Ultrasound therapy are suggested to improve functional activities and lessen pain.

Primary Dysmenorrhea (PD) is a gynecological condition that can manifest with symptoms such as painful menstruation, nausea, breast tenderness, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, dizziness and more rarely, syncope and fever. While the classic presentation of dysmenorrhea involves deficits, it is essential to recognize the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in pain management. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the literature examining the effectiveness of Physiotherapy interventions in reducing pain and improving long-term Quality of life. A thorough search of Pubmed and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant articles published between 2014 and 2024. Ten studies were selected for analysis, illustrating various interventions of PD in the context of pain. It may lead to the timely diagnosis and physiotherapy management of PD. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimal physiotherapy treatment strategies for PD presenting with menstrual pain.

Introduction: The coexistence of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is uncommon, especially in patients with underlying connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma. Methods: We report a case of a 42-year-old female with scleroderma presenting with persistent cough and dyspnea. Radiological imaging and histopathological investigations were performed. Results: High-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed features suggestive of UIP with a right lower lobe mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology confirmed a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma. Discussion: This case underscores the importance of high clinical suspicion for lung malignancy in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), particularly when symptoms change or worsen. Such rare overlap conditions require multidisciplinary management for optimal patient outcomes. KEYWORDS

Electrical burns in paediatric patients pose unique challenges due to the deep, irregular nature of tissue damage and often poor vascularity of the wound bed. These factors can compromise the success of split-thickness skin grafting (SSG), leading to partial graft loss, delayed healing, and increased risk of hypertrophic scarring or contractures. Regenerative approaches using biologically active materials are gaining interest as adjuncts to improve graft take. Autologous lipoaspirate, a minimally processed fat graft containing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), growth factors, and cytokines, has shown potential in enhancing tissue repair. Combined with a biocompatible scaffold such as collagen, it may create a pro-healing microenvironment supporting graft integration and wound regeneration. We used lipoaspirate harvested from the lower abdomen, which was minimally processed, and combined with a collagen-based scaffold intraoperatively to facilitate wound healing at the SSG site, which failed to heal satisfactorily with conventional management. Such egenerative strategies may reduce complications, enhance healing, and improve long-term results, warranting further investigation through larger studies.