Indian Journal of Anatomy

In a routine cadaveric dissections in a cadaver the muscles and the tendons forming the Anatomical Snuff Box showed an anomaly where the attachment of the three tendons towards the thumb was different in left side hand than the right side hand which was normal.
 

Introduction: Embryology forms an important part of Anatomy in medical curriculum. Knowledge of embryonic development is crucial to grasp the intricate topographic relations of organs in the human body and to understand congenital malformations. Embryology is not only difficult to imagine and understand by the students, also difficult to comprehend & reproduce in exam. In classes for human embryology, it is common to use artificial models to represent the different phases of development. The use of this tool has the purpose of facilitating learning, since the students can see and touch the models. Use of artificial models enables learning, since the students can appreciate the three-dimensional (3D) aspects of the structures. To facilitate the learning of embryology and improve the performance of the students in examinations new method of teaching-learning embryology models is introduced. To implement this method, each embryology model in the Department of Anatomy was photographed. In the photograph, parts of the model were labeled. The print out of the labeled photograph was taken. Based on each model, a set of questions on topics of ‘Must know’ part of curriculum was prepared. When practicals of embryology models were conducted, to study the model students were provided with a labeled photograph along with a set of questions. To get feedback of this teaching method the questionnaire was given to the students. The questionnaire was based on five point Likert scale. Conclusions: A method of Teaching-Learning embryology models by preparing the labeled photographs with a set of questions is beneficial to the students to prepare for theory and practical examinations. It enhances and improves the understanding of the subject and thinking ability.

Out of total twenty-one cadavers studied, in a 62 years old male donated cadaver, we found the Right Occipital artery was discovered to be dilated (enlarged). The left occipital artery was normal and unremarkable. The origin and course of both sided occipital arteries was as usual. In vascular lesions, the Occipital artery is a crucial artery. It is also one of the most suitable donor arteries in conditions like aneurysms.

Background: ChatGPT developed by OpenAI is a state-of-the art innovation and is leading the field of technology with its massive ability to generate any of information in human like conversational manner. The utility of this Artificial Intelligence (AI) based model is being tested in various domains and usability in education is certainly a topic of sensation. ChatGPT has been successful in clearing competitive medical exams and could possibly emerge as an ideal tool for advancing teaching learning methodologies in medical education once the accuracy in its content can be validated and affirmed. Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT Human Anatomy of first MBBS professional Methods: This assessment was carried out using the university examination question paper of Human Anatomy paper 1. The question paper comprised of 2 essay, 10 short notes and 20 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ). All the questions were entered on ChatGPT one after the other and the responses generated were saved and sent to our evaluation team in the department of anatomy. Result: ChatGPT has provided brief explanations for all the questions. For the Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ), the option along with reasons were given. Out of 20, six answers were incorrect. Although ChatGPT has provided relevant answers for all the questions, there was no diagrammatic representation provided. The feedback from the faculties suggested that there were few incorrect explanations and content should be more elaborate with relations of the structures being explained in detail. Overall ChatGPT has passed the test with total of 56%. Conclusion: From the results of our study, we emphasize that ChatGPT has the potential to be used as an effective learning tool with its humanoid conversation that can create a personalised learning experience. However, the accuracy and dependability of such tools is a cause of concern. Also, due to lack of its ability to produce pictorial illustration, learning and understanding of subjects like anatomy may not be very efficient.

Background: Anatomy is the foundation stone of medical education, and assessing anatomy competency is essential. Assessment tools should fulfill objectivity, reliability, validity, and test higher cognitive skills. Assessment is a very significant component of education. To correctly judge the knowledge and skill of learners, assessment should be valid and should judge the appropriate levels of cognition. A large portion of the curriculum is assessed in a short period of time, requiring less effort from the student. However, it takes a lot of effort and time for the examiner to make high quality MCQs. Properly constructed multiple-choice questions assess higher-order cognitive processing of Bloom's taxonomy, such as interpretation, synthesis, and application of knowledge, instead of just testing recall of isolated facts

Methods: Hundred MCQ’s from internal examinations of anatomy papers were analyzed for difficulty index, discrimination index (DI), and distractor efficiency (DE).

 Results: In the present study, out of 100 MCQs, 19 were difficult, 60 were acceptable, and 21 were easy. 25 items did not discriminate against high achievers versus low achievers, 37 were acceptable, and 38 were highly discriminatory. There was a low positive correlation between the Difficulty Index and the Discrimination Index in tests two and three. However, there was a negligible correlation in tests one, four, and five.

Conclusion: Item analysis of the MCQs performed after the assessment provides insight into test item reliability and validity. In addition, it indicates how difficult or easy the questions were