Abstract

International humanitarian law also called the law of war sets out detailed rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict. Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols of 1977 are the principal treaties governing aid to and protection of victims of armed conflicts. In order to secure the guarantees provided by these instruments, it is essential that the states implement their provisions to the fullest extent. The term implementation covers all measures that must be taken to ensure that the rules of IHL are fully respected. In the present paper the researcher, will discuss that whether the International Humanitarian Law has been met with open arms by government of India or its full-fledged application seems like a distant dream. Taking into account the ongoing conflicts in India the researcher will analyse that whether India needs to ratify the additional protocols of 1977 and how far the Geneva Convention Act of 1960 suffices the objective of implementing IHL obligations in India.

• 1.   U.C. Jha, Implementation of International Humanitarian Law in South Asian Countries, 9 ISIL yearbook of International Humanitarian and Refugee Law.150 2009
• 2.   V.S. Mani, International Humanitarian Law and Indo Asian Perspective, 83 IRRC 59, 59 to 60, 2001
• 3.   Ibid
• 4.   Ibid
• 5.   Ibid
• 6.   Ibid
• 7.   Sanoj Rajan, Asia- Pacific perspectives of International Humanitarian law, International Humanitarian Law in the Indian civilian and military justice system,475 to 490 (Cambridge university press, 2019).
• 8.   Ibid
• 9.   Ibid
• 10.   Hafsa Bhat, Geneva Convention: A case study in India, SSRN (12 may, 2013), https:/dx.doi. org/10.2139/ssrn.2263664
• 11.   Supra note 2 at 71
• 12.   The Geneva Conventions Act (1960), s 3.
• 13.   Supra note 7 at 479
• 14.   Ibid
• 15.   Ibid
• 16.   Ibid
• 17.   The Geneva Convention Act, (1960) s.3
• 18.   Supra note 2 at 72
• 19.   relevant portion referred from Section 8 (2) (a), 8 (2) (b), 8 (2) (c), 8 (2) (d) of the Geneva Convention Act 1960
• 20.   Section 2 (d,) the Geneva Convention Act 1960.
• 21.   Supra note 10 at 5
• 22.   Ibid
• 23.   Supra note 2 at 72
• 24.   The Geneva Convention Act (1960) s.13
• 25.   Ibid ss.14 and 15
• 26.   Supra note 2 at 72
• 27.   The Geneva Convention Act (1960) s.17
• 28.   Supra note 7 at 480
• 29.   Supra note 1 at 159
• 30.   Supra note 10 at 3
• 31.   Ibid
• 32.   Supra note 7 at 482-483
• 33.   Supra note 10 at 3
• 34.   Ibid at 4
• 35.   Rev. Mons. Sebastian Francisco Xavier Dos RemediosMonteiro v. The State of Goa, Supreme Court of India, ( 1970) 1SCR 87 (India)
• 36.   Supra note 7 at 490
• 37.   Ibid at 483-484
• 38.   Ibid at 484
• 39.   Ibid
• 40.   Ibid
• 41.   Ibid
• 42.   Ibid
• 43.   Ibid
• 44.   Supra note 7 at 490
• 45.   Supra note 7 at 482
• 46.   Ibid
• 47.   Ibid
• 48.   Ibid
• 49.   Ibid
• 50.   Ibid
• 51.   Srinivas Burra, Why India Should consider the additional Protocols of Geneva Conventions, The Wire, June 8, 2017.
• 52.   Ibid
• 53.   Ibid
• 54.   Supra note 1 at 159
• 55.   Srinivas Burra, India’ strange position on the additional protocols of 1977,30 EJILAT 30, (2019)
• 56.   Ibid
• 57.   Ibid
• 58.   Ibid
• 59.   Ibid
• 60.   Ibid
• 61.   Ibid
• 62.   Ibid
• 63.   Ibid
• 64.   Ibid
• 65.   Ibid
• 66.   Anita Yadav and Amit Yadav, International Humaintarian Lawin India; A critical case study,3 Kathmandu School of Law Review 129,132-133, (2013).
• 67.   Ibid
• 68.   Ibid
• 69.   Ibid
• 70.   Srinivas Burra, India’ strange position on the additional protocols of 1977,30 EJILAT 30, (2019)
• 71.   Ibid
• 72.   Ibid
• 73.   Ibid
• 74.   Ibid
• 75.   Ibid
• 76.   Ibid
• 77.   Ibid
• 78.   Supra note 66 at 136
• 79.   Ibid
• 80.   Mritunjay Pathak, Is insurgency in India’s Red Corridor a non-international armed conflict, Jurist (October 1, 2020, 12:04 am), https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2020/10/mritunjay-pathaknaxalism-niac/.
• 81.   Tadic(IT-94-1)
• 82.   Supra note 80
• 83.   Ibid
• 84.   Ibid
• 85.   Ibid
• 86.   Ibid
• 87.   Ibid
• 88.   Ibid
• 89.   Ibid
• 90.   Ibid
• 91.   Ibid
• 92.   Non International armed-conflict in India: Rulac. org
• 93.   Ibid
• 94.   Ibid
• 95.   Ibid
• 96.   Supra note 80
• 97.   Ibid
• 98.   Ibid
• 99.   Supra note 92
• 100.   Ibid
• 101.   Ibid
• 102.   Ibid
• 103.   Ibid
• 104.   Hilal Mir, UN experts concerned over rights abuses in Kashmir, Asia Pacific ( on 1:6: 2021) https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/un-experts-concerned-over-rights-abuses-inkashmir/2260057
• 105.   Office of the United Nation High Commisioner for Human Rights, Update of the Situation of Human Rights in Indian-Administered Kashmir and Pakistan-Administered Kashmir from May 2018 to April 2019.
• 106.   Ibid
• 107.   Ibid
• 108.   Aakar Patel, India: increase in unlawful killings in Jammu and Kashmir highlight’s government failure to protect its minorities; Amnesty International India; press release; june 10 2022
• 109.   Ibid
• 110.   Moksha Singh, MunmunJha, International Humanitarian Law and the Kashmir crisis,12 International journal of Human Rights and the law 1, 5-6 (2015)
• 111.   Ibid

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