Indian Journal of Law and Human Behavior

This research examines the fundamental tensions between artificial intelligence technologies capable of generating sophisticated creative content and traditional intellectual property frameworks predicated on human authorship. Through rigorous comparative analysis of legal approaches across India, the European Union, United States, and Japan, we identify significant jurisdictional inconsistencies in applying creativity thresholds to AI-generated works. Our examination of 87 relevant judicial decisions reveals a 34% increase in recognition of hybrid authorship models that acknowledge both human and algorithmic contributions, yet 72% of examined legal frameworks lack clear provisions for works created with minimal human intervention. The study demonstrates that neither purely creator-centric nor investor-centric attribution models adequately address the unique nature of AI-generated content across creative domains. We observe an emerging judicial trend toward graduated forms of protection based on the degree of meaningful human involvement throughout the creative process. To address these critical gaps, we recommend implementing a “contributory value framework” that quantifies human creative input across the AI development spectrum, developing sui generis protection for wholly autonomous AI creations, and establishing proportional rights allocation systems that balance innovation incentives with recognition of machine contribution. This research provides actionable guidance for policymakers, courts, and AI developers navigating the evolving intersection of technological innovation and the human-centric foundations of intellectual property law.

Consumers are the foundation of every economy. A healthy economy depends on this spending, production, and growth cycle. Money spent by consumers on goods and services generates demand for them, which in turn boosts output and propels economic expansion. Rights of Consumer have been an important area of discussion from a long time in the USA. In the year 1962, US President John F. Kennedy addressed the topic of consumer rights. Today, after the digital revolution, the nature of consumer is divided into two patters: Consumer at physical marketplace and consumer at virtual market place. This paper aims to discuss the rights of a consumer in the virtual marketplace.

The legal study examines the relationship between female education, employment, and divorce rates among educated women. It questions whether these factors genuinely cause divorces or enable women to claim their rights within marriage. By analyzing various marriage and divorce laws in India, including the Hindu Marriage Act and the Special Marriage Act. Through a critical review of judicial precedents, including Savitri Pandey v. Prem Chandra Pandey and K. Srinivas Rao v. D.A. Deepa, the study highlights that education and employment are the important causes of marital breakdown Instead, they serve as catalysts for awareness and empowerment. The findings point to incompatibility, ego conflicts, and unequal domestic duties as the primary reasons for divorce. Thus, it asserts that rising divorce rates reflect social transformation and gender equality, rather than portraying women’s education and employment as threats to marriage. The paper emphasizes the importance of viewing these elements as foundations for empowerment within a progressive legal framework.

Sand is regarded as one of the most remarkable mineral resources on Earth. Approximately 50 billion tonnes of sand are used every year worldwide, which is significantly more than what is being replaced by natural processes. Sand is being extracted from rivers, beaches and dunes. Numerous sources contribute to the sand seen on beaches and coastal dunes. Sand pours straight from a river to the beach on a hilly coast. The rivers that flow to the sea carry sand to the sea coast. Other significant sources of beach sand include the erosion of bluffs on rocky coasts and the material that glaciers transported to regions, such as the northern hemisphere. Sand mining in rivers, whether done with or without machinery, is having a variety of biotic and socioeconomic effects. It is also charged with a number of physiological alterations in rivers and other bodies of water. Furthermore, a variety of illicit acts, such as the use of force, threats, or violence, are being carried out either alone or by organised crime syndicates focused on the illicit mining operations.