Abstract

Background: Cosmetics, especially lipsticks, have been integral to beauty practices for centuries. However, growing concerns over the adverse effects of synthetic chemicals in cosmetics have led to an increased demand for natural, safer alternatives. Aim: To formulate and evaluate a herbal lipstick using anthocyanin extracts from Prunus domestica (Plum) and Rosa indica (Rose) as natural colorants. Objectives: • To extract anthocyanins from Prunus domestica and Rosa indica. • To develop various herbal lipstick formulations using these natural pigments. • To evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, stability, and antifungal activity of the formulations. • To identify the most suitable formulation for potential commercial application. Material: Six herbal lipstick formulations (F3–F6) were prepared using anthocyanin extracts, beeswax, candelilla wax, shea butter, jojoba oil, lemon juice, peppermint oil, vitamin E, and vanilla essence. These were evaluated for texture, spreadability, melting point, pH, skin irritation, aging stability, and antifungal activity. Result: Among all formulations, F4 showed the most promising characteristics: smooth texture, excellent spreadability, stable pH (6.4), acceptable melting point (67°C), no skin irritation, and good antifungal activity. It also maintained aging and perfume stability, making it suitable for long-term use. Conclusion: Anthocyanin-based herbal lipsticks provide a safe and effective alternative to synthetic products. Formulation F4 demonstrated comparable performance to commercial lipsticks, with added benefits of being eco-friendly and minimally irritating. These findings support the potential for further development and commercialization, with scope for applications in cosmetic, medicinal, and food industries.

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Funding