Abstract

Extra intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a leading cause of invasive infections. These include entities like bacteremia, respiratory tract infections, meningitis and sepsis among others. Invasive ExPEC infection complicates the clinical treatment of other conditions. It is also associated with increased mortality, duration of hospital stay, and worse clinical outcomes. Older adults having comorbidities are at highest risk of acquiring these infections. ExPEC is of particular interest in the AsiaPacific region, due to aging populations and increasing antimicrobial resistance.

• 1.   Poolman JT, Wacker M. Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli, a Common Human Pathogen: Challenges for Vaccine Development and Progress in the Field. J Infect Dis 2016 1; 213(1):6-13. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv429.
• 2.   Johnson JR, Gajewski A, Lesse AJ, Russo TA. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli as a cause of invasive nonurinary infections. J ClinMicrobiol. 2003 Dec; 41(12):5798-802. doi:10.1128/JCM.41.12.5798-5802.2003. PMID:14662987; PMCID: PMC309005.
• 3.   Cross AS, Sadoff JC, Furer E, et al. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella vaccines and immunotherapy. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1990; 4:271–82.
• 4.   Bush LM, Vazquez-Pertejo MJ. Escherichia coli infections. https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-in/professional/infectious-diseases/gram-negativebacilli/escherichia-coli-infections. Last accessed 19/6/24.
• 5.   Chen SC, Yen CH, Lai KC, Tsao SM, Cheng KS, Chen CC, Lee MC, Chou MC. Pyogenic liver abscesses with Escherichia coli: etiology, clinical course, outcome, and prognostic factors. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2005 Dec; 117(23-24):809-15. doi:10.1007/s00508-005-0481-1.
• 6.   Liver abscess. https://emedicine.medscape. com/article/188802-overview?form=fpf#a5. Last accessed 19/6/24.
• 7.   Epididymo-orchitis. https://patient.info/menshealth/scrotal-lumps-pain-and-swelling/ epididymo-orchitis. Last accessed 19/6/24.
• 8.   Liu CK, Liu CP, Leung CH, Sun FJ. Clinical and microbiological analysis of adult perianal abscess. J MicrobiolImmunol Infect 2011; 44(3):204-8. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2011.01.024.
• 9.   Sigmon DF, Emmanuel B, Tuma F. Perianal Abscess. [Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459167/.
• 10.   Matsuura H, Sue M, Takahara M, Kuninaga N. Escherichia coli rib osteomyelitis, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 2019; 112(1): 35–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcy225
• 11.   Cross AS, Sadoff JC, Furer E, Cryz SJ. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella vaccines and immunotherapy. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1990; 4:271–82. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
• 12.   Feldman MF, Wacker M, Hernandez M et al. Engineering N-linked protein glycosylation with diverse O antigen lipopolysaccharide structures in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl AcadSci U S A 2005; 102:3016–21. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
• 13.   Ihssen J, Kowarik M, Dilettoso S, Tanner C, Wacker M, Thöny-Meyer L. Production of glycoprotein vaccines in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Factories 2010; 9:61. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]

Data Sharing Statement

Funding