Abstract

Central venous catheters are associated with a risk of complications such as infection, thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Thus, good care performance is crucial in limiting these risks. Also, nurses are supposed to integrate evidence-based performance into their care to improve patient outcomes. Objective(s): To assess nurse’s performance in preventing complications with central venous catheters and to evaluate the efficacy of an instructional program designed to improve nurses’ performance of preventing complications central venous catheter while working in critical care unit. Methodology: The current study employed a quasi-experimental design, utilising a pre-test/post-test methodology to assess changes between the control group and the study group subsequent to the implementation of the instructional program. The research was conducted between 20 December 2023 and 20 May. The study population was all critical care unites staff nurses who were available during data collection time and worked in critical care unite for more than 1 year in Baghdad teaching hospitals. Result: The instructional program demonstrates a remarkable impact on the performance of the nurses in the study group, as evidenced by the substantial and statistically significant difference in pre/post-test scores (p <.001). Conclusion: The nurses’ performance in critical care about preventing complications central venous catheter had been enhanced subsequent to the implementation of the instructional program. It is recommended to conducting training courses for nurses within continuous education in hospital is crucial to Increase nurses’ knowledge toward standard performance.

• 1.   Elsadeqkhadrawi S.M. Assessment of nurses’ Knowledge and Practice Related to Caring of Central Venous Line at Aldamam hospitalShadia Mohamed Elsadeq Khadrawi. J Nurs Heal Sci [Internet]. 2019; 8(1): 52–7. Available from: https://www.semanticscholar.org/ paper/Assessment-of-nurses’-Knowledgeand-Practice-of-at-ElsadeqKhadrawi/07359f24 259338b0276b35147e69a70804a7dbfe.
• 2.   Savio R., Jagathkar G., Pandit R.A., Mishra R., Clerk A., Zirpe K.G., et al. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine Position Statement for Central Venous Catheterization and Management 2020. Indian J. Crit Care Med [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1; 24(S1): S6–30. Available from: https://www.ijccm.org/doi/10.5005/ jp-journals-10071-G23183.
• 3.   Mohammed S.A., Mohammed M., Ibrahim M. EAS Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Nurs Midwifery Impact of Mini Structured Education Program on ICU Nurses Knowledge and Practice Regarding Preventi. 2023; (September). Available from: https://www.easpublisher. com.
• 4.   Moore K.J., Greencorn D., Smith N., Langley J.M., Kulkarni K. Mechanical complications of central venous catheters in children: A cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [Internet]. 2022 Nov 21; 43(11): 1634–40. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/ core/product/identifier/S0899823X21004931/ type/journal_article.
• 5.   Bell J., Goyal M., Long S, Kumar A., Friedrich J., Garfinkel J., et al. Anatomic Site-Specific Complication Rates for Central Venous Catheter Insertions. J Intensive Care Med [Internet]. 2020 Sep 19;35(9):869–74. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/10.1177/0885066618795126.
• 6.   Zanoni F., Pavone L., Binda V., Tripepi G., D’Arrigo G, Scalamogna A., et al. Catheter-related bloodstream infections in a nephrology unit: Analysis of patientand catheter-associated risk factors. J Vasc Access [Internet]. 2021 May 10; 22(3): 337–43. Available from: http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/10.1177/1129729820939762.
• 7.   Alaa A.M., Yoon J., Hu S., van der Schaar M. Personalized Risk Scoring for Critical Care Prognosis Using Mixtures of Gaussian Processes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng [Internet]. 2018 Jan; 65(1): 207–18. Available from: http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7913647/.
• 8.   Morris K.Y., Jakobsen R. Central venous catheter access and procedure compliance: A qualitative interview study exploring intensive care nurses’ experiences. Intensive Crit Care Nurs [Internet]. 2022 Apr; 69:103182. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/ retrieve/pii/S0964339721001713.
• 9.   Chi X., Guo J., Niu X., He R., Wu L., Xu H. Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections: a survey of ICU nurses’ knowledge and practice in China. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control [Internet]. 2020 Dec 16; 9(1): 186. Available from: https://aricjournal. biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756- 020-00833-3.
• 10.   Takahashi T., Murayama R., Abe-Doi M, Miyahara-Kaneko M., Kanno C., Nakamura M., et al. Preventing peripheral intravenous catheter failure by reducing mechanical irritation. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020 Jan 31; 10(1): 1550. Available from: https://www.nature. com/articles/s41598-019-56873-2
• 11.   Parasar C., Kumari M.J., Sastry A.S. Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Attitude of Central Line Care Bundle among Health Care Providers in Intensive Care Units Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Attitude of Central Line Care Bundle among Health Care Provide. 2023; 13 (December): 157–63.
• 12.   Majeed H.M., Hassan A.F., Mousa A.M. Students’ knowledge and attitude concerning organ donation at Iraqi nursing colleges. J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Feb 26;13:60. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_845_23
• 13.   Majeed H.M., Hassan A.F., Abid R.I. Evaluation of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward pain management at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020; 14(2): 1574-9.
• 14.   Majeed H., Hassan A.F., Jasim A.H., AlGanmi AH. Protective health behaviors among critical care nurses concerning pressure ulcer prevention for hospitalized patients at Baghdad teaching hospitals. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences. 2023;5: 205–210. https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v5i.211.
• 15.   Issn P., Issn O. Vol. 23 No. 4 , November 2021 160. 2021; 23(4): 160–87.
• 16.   Esposito M.R., Guillari A., Angelillo IF. Knowledge, attitudes, and practice on the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections among nurses in oncological care: A cross-sectional study in an area of southern Italy. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6).
• 17.   Al-Reda J.J., Majeed H.M., Hassan A.F. Effectiveness of Instructional Program on Nurses’ Knowledge Concerning Palliative and Supportive Care for old Adults with Heart Failure. Bahrain Medical Bulletin. 2023 Dec 1; 45(4) 1823-1826.
• 18.   Majeed H.M., Atiyah H.H. Assessment of Employees’ Knowledge Concerning Contributing Factors and Early Detection for Prostate Cancer in Baghdad University Colleges in bab-Almudam. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2021;15(1):1712-7.
• 19.   Hassan A.F., Majeed H.M., Isam S.R. Nurses’ knowledge and protective health behaviors about prevention of COVID-19 pandemic complications at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Mar 28; 13:107. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_844_23.
• 20.   Peng S., Kong X., Ma G., Hou J., Luo L., Xu R, et al. Clinical Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Catheter-Related Thrombosis and Its Influencing Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022; 15 (November): 2257–68.
• 21.   Mohammed B. Nadheer, Widad K. Mohammed. Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nursing Staff Knowledge towards Priorities of Responsibilities at Emergency Unit in Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Holly Karballah Governorate. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2021; 15(3): 2490–7.
• 22.   Hassan A.F., Mohamed T.R, Jassim A.H. Assessment of nurses’ knowledge toward nursing intervention for eye trauma at baghdad teaching hospitals. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. 2020; 14(2): 1406–10.
• 23.   Milbrath G., Snyder A. The emergency nurses association: 50 years of advocacy and advancement. Journal of emergency nursing. 2021 Mar 1; 47(2): 224-38.
• 24.   Hassan A.F., Majeed H.M., Isam S.R. Nurses’ knowledge and protective health behaviors about prevention of COVID-19 pandemic complications at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Mar 28; 13: 107. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_844_23.
• 25.   Hassan A.F., Majeed H.M., and Jasim A.H. Assessment of undergraduate critical care nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes toward caring of dying patients in colleges of nursing at Baghdad University. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2020; 14: 1142-6.
• 26.   Mohammed T.R., Majeed H.M., Abid R.I. Evaluation of Quality of Nursing Documentation in Surgical Wardsf at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, April-June. 2020; 14(2): 1263-1267
• 27.   Mohammed T.R., Majeed H.M., Jasim A.H. Evaluation of quality of nursing documentation in surgical wards at Baghdad teaching hospitals. Medico Legal Update 2020; 20(2): 292- 297.
• 28.   Ali R. Ibrahim, Huda B. Hassan. Effectiveness of Instruction Program on Caregiver Knowledge concerning Emergency Care for Geriatrics at Al-Russafa Geriatric Home in Baghdad City. Journal of Madenat Alelem University College [Internet]. 2019 Nov 23; 11 (2 SE-Articles). Available from https://journal.mauc.edu.iq/ index.php/JMAUC/article/view/306
• 29.   Al-Ganmi A.H.A., Majeed H.M., Najm M.A. Experiences of Nurses in Providing Care for Patients on the Cancer Journey: A CrossSectional Survey. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing [Internet]. 2024 Sep. 3 [cited 2024 Dec. 4]; 16(1): 12- 9. Available from: https:// ejournal.lucp.net/index.php/mjn/ article/ view/3133
• 30.   Asad M.J., Majeed H.M. Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Anxiety Level among Nurses. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing [Internet]. 2024 Sep.3 [cited 2024 Dec. 4]; 16(1): 149-58. Available from: https://ejournal. lucp. net/index.php/mjn/article/view/3088
• 31.   Mohamed D.A., Alatroshi A.M. Effectiveness of an educational program on nurses knowledge regarding neonatal sepsis: A quasiexperimental study. Med J Babylon. 2022; 19(2): 185–90.
• 32.   Turke A.F.A., Majeed H.M. Quality of Life among Epileptic Patients after Vagus Nerve Stimulator Implan tation: A Cross-Sectional Study . jiafm [Internet]. 2024 Jul. 4 [cited 2024 Dec. 4]; 46 (1-Suppl): 202-6. Available from: https:// jiafm.in/index.php/jiafm/article/view/854
• 33.   Abed O.A., Majeed H.M. Evaluation of Patients’ Knowledge concerning Contributing Factors and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer. jiafm [Internet]. 2024 Jul. 4 [cited 2024 Dec. 4]; 46 (1-Suppl): 207-12. Available from: https:// jiafm. in/index.php/jiafm/article/view/855
• 34.   Abdelghafour Mohammed A., Gad G, Abdelbaky M., Mohammed R. Nursing Guidelines and its Effect on Reducing Central Line Related Infection among Traumatic Patients. Minia Sci Nurs J. 2021; 010(1): 148–56.
• 35.   Alhamad H.A., Hassan H.B. Effectiveness of Instructional Program on Patients’ Nutritional Habits for Patients with Peptic Ulcer. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties. 2023. (36)(1) 35-48.https://www.iasj.net/iasj/ download/6aa2f529592d4a41
• 36.   Majeed, Haider Mohammed; Hassan, Ahmed Fleih; AlGanmi, Ali Hussein Alek. Nurses’ Performance and Perceived Barriers Regarding Pressure Ulcers’ Prevention for Critically Ill Patients at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals. Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine 7(4): pp. 293-298, Oct–Dec 2024. | DOI: 10.4103/ jnsm.jnsm_87_24
• 37.   Atia GAE fattah. Effect of Instructional Module about Central Venous Catheter on Nurse’s Performance and Patients Outcomes in Selected Hospital. Int J Nov Res Life Sci. 2017; 4(6): 6–16.
• 38.   Venous C., Abdo N.M., Ramadan MA, Tosson M.M., Al-fadhli M.A. Effectiveness of An Educational Program on Knowledge and Performance Regarding Care of Central Venous Catheters among Dialysis Nurses. Egypt J Community Med. 2020; 38(1): 1–11.
• 39.   Di Fine G., Centini G., Gavetti D., Lemma P., Cavallo F., Pici A., et al. Best practices in the management of central vascular access devices: An observational study in areas with a high prevalence of trained nurses. J Infus Nurs. 2018; 41(5): 319–25.
• 40.   Asad, Mohanad Jamal 1; Majeed, Haider Mohammed 2. The relationship between anxiety level and personality traits among smoker nurses. International Journal of Academic Medicine 10(3): pp. 120-125, Jul–Sep 2024. | DOI: 10.4103/ ijam.ijam_24_24
• 41.   Abed, Omer Ahmed 1; Majeed, Haider Mohammed 2. Patients’ attitudes concerning contributing factors and early detection of prostate cancer. International Journal of Academic Medicine 10(3):p 132-137, Jul–Sep 2024. | DOI: 10.4103/ijam.ijam_17_24.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding