Abstract

Maternal overweight and obesity increase risks of pregnancy and delivery complications and neonatal mortality, but the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of the study was to assess the trends of maternal weight gain among the pregnant women. Quantitative approach with non-experimental descriptive correlative design was usedamong 200 antenatal mothersin Gynecology wards and OPD of a tertiary care hospital, Kochi, India. Maternal weight gain in this studywasassessed based on Institute of Medicine (IOM) weight gain recommendations 2011 for pregnancy. All singleton Pregnancy with cephalic presentation, on or above 35 weeks of gestation and Pre-pregnancy/Early pregnancy BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. BMI was calculated and women were categorized into 4 groups. Results revealed that, 57%of them were below 27 years of age, almost half of the mothers were primi and 75% of them were without previous complications whereas 53% of pregnant mothers have complications currently. In pre pregnancy, Maternal weight gain trends in mothers were 67.5% and 16.5% in Normal BMI and Overweight respectively whereas in third trimester, 51% were overweight and 30% were only remained in normal BMI. The trend in underweight category shown remarkable reduction from 12% in Pre pregnancy to 2% in third trimester whereas pregnant mothers in category Obese were increased from 4% to 17% in third trimester. Out of Normal weight gain (N=65) mothers in Early pregnant state, 67.2% of them gained Less than IOM recommended weight (11.3-15.8 Kg), followed by 23.4% of Normal IOM recommended weight and only 3% gained greater than IOM recommendation. Major complications include Fetal distress, Hypoglycemia and GDM. The study concluded that, IOM weight gain recommendations for antenatal women should be followed to minimize adverse health outcomes for mother and child.

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