RFP Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics

The interplay between alloying and superconductivity remains a central topic in condensed matter physics, particularly in low-temperature superconductors where electron–phonon interactions dominate. In this study, we investigate how alloying influences the superconducting transition temperature (TcT_cTc ) within the BCS–McMillan theoretical framework. By introducing phenomenological concentration-dependent modifications to the Debye temperature (ΘD\Theta_ DΘD ) and electron–phonon coupling constant (λ\lambdaλ), we model the non monotonic behavior of TcT_cTc in representative Nb–Sn alloy systems. Our results reveal that moderate alloying enhances superconductivity by increasing the density of states at the Fermi level and strengthening electron–phonon coupling, while excessive substitution suppresses TcT_cTc due to disorder and phonon softening. Comparison with experimental data for Nb–Sn and emerging high-entropy alloys confirms that alloying acts as a tuning parameter for superconducting properties, albeit limited by disorder-induced suppression. This framework provides both a pedagogical and predictive model for exploring superconductivity in complex alloy systems. Background: The relationship between alloying and superconductivity remains a critical focus in condensed matter physics, particularly in low-temperature superconductors (LTS) where the electron–phonon mechanism dominates. Aim: To model and interpret how alloying influences the superconducting critical temperature (Tc) within the BCS–McMillan theoretical framework. Objectives: Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1. To establish a phenomenological relationship between alloy concentration and Tc. 2. To identify competing mechanisms enhancement from increased electron phonon coupling versus suppression due to disorder. 3. To validate theoretical predictions against Nb–Sn experimental data. 4. To extend the model’s applicability to emerging high-entropy superconductors. Material: Theoretical modeling based on McMillan’s extension of BCS theory. The alloying dependence of Debye temperature (ΘD) and electron–phonon coupling constant (λ) were parameterized as concentration-dependent functions. Result: The model predicts a non-monotonic dependence of Tc on alloying concentration. Moderate alloying enhances Tc by increasing λ and density of states at the Fermi level, whereas excessive substitution suppresses superconductivity through phonon softening and disorder scattering. Conclusion: Alloying serves as a tuning mechanism for superconductivity. The BCS–McMillan framework successfully reproduces experimental trends in Nb–Sn and provides insights applicable to high-entropy alloys.

Lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic are well-known heavy metals that are potentially toxic and continue to impact the environment. These compounds can interfere with the endocrine system, causing drastic effects on individual health. Endocrine disruptors can cause hormonal dysfunction at the site of production, release, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination leading to reproductive, developmental, neurological, and immune disorders in humans and wildlife. For example, cadmium imitates estrogen and binds to estrogen receptors, triggering pathological hormonal responses. Lead exposure has been linked to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, affecting stress hormone balance and cognitive performance. Mercury disrupts thyroid hormone metabolism, impairing thyroid function and child development. Heavy metals also harm the immune system. Lead and cadmium weaken both general and specific immune defences, increase susceptibility to infections, alter cytokine signalling, and raise the risk of autoimmune diseases. Mercury is associated with weakened immune responses and abnormal antibody production. These changes compromise the body’s ability to protect itself and elevate overall health risks. These metals accumulate in the food chain, posing greater threats to both human health and the ecological environment. Studying the molecular mechanisms of endocrine disruption by heavy metals is crucial for developing effective policies and protective strategies. Government and health guidelines should focus on minimizing environmental contamination, improving diagnostic tools, and raising public awareness. Coordinated efforts from governments, academia, industry, and communities are essential to safeguard present and future generations and promote a healthier world.

Excessive screen exposure has become a major public health issue in the modern digital age, with increasing evidence associating long-term exposure to screens with a range of biochemical changes in human subjects. The current review study discusses the physiological and biochemical effects of prolonged exposure to electronic devices, including mechanisms like disruption of circadian rhythm, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, neurochemical modification, and metabolic dysregulation. Long-term exposure to blue light from screens is found to inhibit the production of melatonin, disrupting sleep and changing the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Sedentary lifestyle from screen time also leads to insulin resistance, higher cortisol levels, higher inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, interleukins), and abnormalities in neurotransmitter homeostasis, such as the dopamine and serotonin pathways. These biochemical changes have been linked to sleep disorders, obesity, type 2 diabetes, mood dysregulation, and cognitive performance impairment. By integrating results from more current research, this review stresses the importance of evidence-based guidelines for modulating screen exposure and encouraging healthier digital life to counteract negative biochemical and physiological effects.

The clinical practice of gynaecology and obstetrics has historically been guided by anatomy, physiology, and empirical observation. However, the 21st century has witnessed a paradigm shift, revealing that the fundamental principles of biophysics and biochemistry are the unseen pillars supporting every aspect of female reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviews the critical importance of these disciplines in understanding and managing both normal physiological processes and pathological conditions. We explore the biophysical forces governing folliculogenesis, ovulation, and fallopian tube transport, alongside the intricate biochemical signaling of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. In obstetrics, the roles of biochemical markers in prenatal screening and the biophysics of uteroplacental blood flow and fetal membrane integrity are examined. Furthermore, the article delves into the biophysical basis of diagnostic imaging, the biochemical pathogenesis of conditions like preeclampsia and endometriosis, and the revolutionary impact of biophysical techniques in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The integration of biophysics and biochemistry is not merely ancillary but central to the advancement of personalized, predictive, and effective care in women’s health, paving the way for future innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Strobilanthes alternata (syn. Hemigraphis colorata), a member of the Acanthaceae family, is a low-growing, ornamental and medicinal plant valued for its vibrant foliage and wide range of therapeutic properties. Traditionally used in Indian and Southeast Asian folk medicine, it is known for its wound-healing, antidiabetic, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical studies have identified bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, contributing to its pharmacological potential. Methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts have demonstrated efficacy in accelerating wound healing, including in diabetic rat models, and show antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and other pathogens. Antioxidant properties were confirmed using ferrous ion chelation and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was observed through BSA protein denaturation inhibition. Additionally, the plant has shown potential for cadmium phytostabilization, especially with 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) treatment, which enhances physiological resilience and elemental regulation. Strobilanthes ciliatus, another species from the genus, exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, S. alternata serves as an effective indoor air purifier and ground cover in low-maintenance landscapes. Collectively, these findings highlight the genus Strobilanthes as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with promising pharmacological, ecological, and ornamental applications.