Journal of Social Welfare and Management

Mental health significantly influences the overall well-being and economic stability of single mothers. Poor mental health can reduce work productivity, limit employment opportunities, and increase financial vulnerability. Psychological distress such as stress, anxiety, and depression may also affect decision-making and parenting capacity. Mental health is a critical component of overall well-being and socio-economic stability, particularly for single mothers who often face the dual burden of economic responsibility and family care. This study examines the relationship between socio-economic factors and the mental health of single mothers in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. The research is based on primary data collected from 180 single mothers using a structured questionnaire and a standardized mental health scale. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted, and statistical tools such as percentage analysis, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that a majority of the respondents belong to economically vulnerable groups, with over 70% earning less than `20,000 per month and a significant proportion engaged in informal employment. Nearly 76% of the respondents experience moderate to high levels of psychological distress. The results indicate that income, employment stability, education, and social support have significant negative relationships with mental health distress, while debt shows a positive association with psychological problems. The regression model explains 54% of the variation in mental health outcomes. The study highlights the importance of economic empowerment, social support systems, and accessible mental health services in improving the well-being of single mothers. Policy interventions focusing on employment opportunities, financial support, and counseling services are recommended to strengthen their economic and psychological security.

The accurate and clear reporting of research findings is essential for the advancement of science and practical applications. Well-reported findings ensure transparency, reproducibility, and usability of research by other scholars, policymakers, and practitioners. Best practices for reporting research findings ensure clarity, transparency, and reproducibility. A well-structured report should begin with a concise introduction, outlining the research question, objectives, and significance. Methods should be described in sufficient detail to allow replication, including participant selection, data collection procedures, and analysis techniques. Present findings objectively, without exaggeration, using tables, graphs, and statistical results to support conclusions. Ensure data integrity by providing raw data or supplementary material where possible. Interpret results in the context of existing literature, noting limitations and potential biases. Avoid overstating the implications of the findings and clearly distinguish between evidence and speculation. Cite all relevant sources to acknowledge previous work and provide a complete reference list. Reports should be written in clear, accessible language, avoiding jargon, and technical terms should be defined. Finally, adhere to ethical guidelines, disclosing any conflicts of interest and ensuring the protection of participant confidentiality. By following these practices, researchers promote trust, collaboration, and the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields. This paper explores the best practices for reporting research findings, focusing on integrity, clarity, and the critical role of dissemination methods. By adhering to these best practices, researchers can enhance the impact of their work and contribute to a more trustworthy and reliable body of knowledge.

This article analyses the emerging career aspirations of India’s Generation Z (born ~1997-2012) through the lens of an “Aspirational Trilemma”: the competing pulls of the Gig economy (autonomy and precariousness), the Green economy (purpose and sustainability), and the Government job (security and status). It argues that this generation’s work preferences, shaped by digital nativity, climate urgency, and a re-evaluation of success, signal a profound shift in India’s labour landscape, from a quest for singular employment to the navigation of multiple, often hybrid, work identities. However, current economic policy remains fragmented, treating these sectors in isolation rather than as interconnected elements of a hybrid workforce. Synthesising emerging survey data, qualitative insights, and a critical policy analysis, the article demonstrates a critical misalignment between Gen Z’s contingent, values-driven aspirations and India’s siloed, industrial-era labour and education frameworks. It reveals how the trilemma manifests differently across urban-rural, class, and gender lines, creating a complex mosaic of aspirations that defies one-size-fits-all solutions. The conclusion proposes an integrated policy agenda focused on creating portable social security ecosystems, launching a comprehensive national green skills mission, and fundamentally modernising the public service ethos and infrastructure. The ultimate aim is to provide a roadmap for transforming this generational trilemma from a policy challenge into a foundation for resilient, innovative, and inclusive economic growth.

The 21st century has precipitated a paradigm shift in the role and identity of the teacher, moving far beyond the traditional model of a knowledge disseminator. This review article synthesizes existing literature to conceptualize the modern teacher as a complex, multifaceted entity operating at the intersection of pedagogical expertise, technological fluency, and socio-emotional intelligence. It begins by outlining the historical evolution of the teacher’s role before delving into the specific forces—globalization, the digital revolution, and shifting societal needs—that have redefined it. The article identifies and elaborates on the key dimensions of this multifaceted identity, including the teacher as a facilitator of learning, a designer of authentic experiences, a pastoral guide, a lifelong learner, a collaborative partner, and a critical user of technology. A significant portion of the review is dedicated to analyzing how these roles align with and are essential for the successful implementation of Education 4.0, which emphasizes digital skills and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and the emerging concept of Education 5.0, which focuses on human-centricity, sustainability, and societal well-being. The analysis reveals that while technological proficiency is non-negotiable, the fundamentally human aspects of teaching—empathy, mentorship, and ethical leadership—are becoming increasingly valuable. The article concludes by acknowledging limitations in the current research, suggesting directions for future inquiry, and affirming that the 21st-century teacher’s strength lies in their adaptive, integrated, and deeply human capacity to navigate an ever-changing educational landscape.

Background: Cesarean section (C-section) is a lifesaving surgical intervention in obstetrics. However, rising rates of both elective and emergency procedures have raised concerns about maternal and neonatal risks, complications, and catastrophic outcomes. Understanding these risks and establishing clear management protocols is essential for improving outcomes. Objectives: To analyze the causes, complications, and contributory factors associated with elective and emergency cesarean sections, and to outline stepwise management strategies for major complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, acute kidney injury, and anesthesia-related risks. Methods: A narrative review of clinical literature, institutional data, and reported maternal outcomes was conducted. Key areas of focus included surgical complications, anesthesia risks, nosocomial infections, and rare but catastrophic events such as amniotic fluid embolism. Preventive and management protocols were synthesized into structured flowcharts and stratification charts. Results: Elective cesarean sections generally carry lower risks due to preparation and controlled conditions, while emergency cesareans are associated with higher rates of hemorrhage, infection, organ injury, and neonatal distress. Contributory factors such as anemia, hypertensive disorders, coagulopathies, and prolonged labor significantly increase maternal morbidity and mortality. Stepwise management protocols for PPH, AKI, and anesthesia complications emphasize early recognition, resuscitation, and escalation to advanced interventions. Conclusion: Cesarean sections, though often necessary, carry significant risks that vary between elective and emergency contexts. Rising rates of cesarean deliveries highlight the need for balanced policies that respect maternal autonomy while minimizing unnecessary surgical exposure. Structured management protocols and preventive strategies are critical to reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Digital communication platforms and remote work models, combined with artificial intelligence, have created a complete transformation of how organizations conduct their leadership functions. The article demonstrates that contemporary technological advancements make traditional command-and-control leadership systems no longer relevant. The article demonstrates that effective leadership requires leaders to develop their ability to use Emotional Intelligence (EI) and authentic empathy throughout their online communication. This article begins by defining EI and empathy within a technological context, distinguishing between cognitive, emotional, and compassionate empathy. The research study conducts a comprehensive review of present literature to demonstrate how essential soft skills function as the basis for building trust and psychological safety and team collaboration in remote work environments. We have used eight case studies from various fields including technology and finance and healthcare to demonstrate how empathetic leadership brings real advantages while its absence leads to major disadvantages. The system fails to evaluate human dimensions because it depends on performance metrics which rely exclusively on data. It concludes with personal perspectives, acknowledges limitations, and proposes a robust agenda for future research, positing that the future of effective leadership lies not in competing with technology, but in leveraging uniquely human capabilities to create more resilient, adaptive, and humane organizations.

The current article at the outset deals with a case study on paper recycling via a study by Elora board. The whole process of paper recycling has been depicted in a flow chart. There are 2 figures and 3 tables that depict data related to the article. The first part of this article concludes that the three mills mentioned produced different kinds of products. The Elora mill produced kraft papers, the Bazargaon mill produced paper boards and the Malu mill produced newspapers as well as paper boards. The waste paper from newsprints was used to produce paper boards. The second aspect that the article deals with is to feed unused and uncooked vegetables leftovers to cattle so that they are converted to dung & thus manure. The article refers to the publication by the Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 2022. This report mentions that India turned out to be the largest producer of ginger, onions, and okra and ranked second in the production of potatoes, cauliflowers, brinjal, cabbages etc. India is also the top most producer of bananas, followed by mangoes, guavas and papayas. This shows the extent of the range of horticulture production at the national level. The use of wastes as ruminants & non ruminants is an important issue in the article that is reflected through the data provided by the industry. There is another case study mentioned in the article and it was done by the Centre for Responsible Business (CRB) and Aston India Centre for Applied Research to explore how private companies are contributing in working for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).