Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry

Febuxostat is an orally active potent xanthine-oxidase inhibitor which inhibits the formation of uric acid thereby preventing gout. Gout is a severe chronic inflammatory disorder if not treated properly; it leads to permanent damage of body tissues and joints. Febuxostat is a well-tolerated and safe antihyperuricaemic agent that is effective to manage and treat chronic conditions of gout. Different forms are available in the market, therefore analysis of febuxostat is an important and inseparable part of industries involved in febuxostat preparations. This review covers
important properties, and different methods of analysis of Febuxostat viz. UV, HPLC, UPLC, HPTLC, LC-MS, Xray, and spectrophotometry.
Keywords: Gout; Assay; Chromatography; HPLC; Spectrophotometry; X-ray.
 

Abstract In present research, a comparative validation study for the estimation of cefotaxime sodium in pharmaceutical formulations by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were performed. The developed methods depend on the determination of cefotaxime sodium by using 2, 4-Dinitro phenyl hydrazine. By using 2, 4-Dinitro phenyl hydrazine, these drug form ion-pair complex in acidic medium. This coloured complex shows maximum absorbance at 408nm by spectrophotometric method (Method A) and fluorescent intensity was measured by using fluorimetric method (Method B).Linearity calibration curve were obtained in a concentration range of 1.0-6.0 µg/ml for cefotaxime sodium by using both of these methods. The result of analysis of these methods shows that the amount of drugs present in the formulation has a very good correlation with the label claim of the formulation. The developed methods were validated for various parameters as per ICH guidelines like Accuracy, Precision, Linearity, and range, LOD and LOQ, Ruggedness and Robustness. %RSD will be less than 2 for all the validation parameters. Recoveries studies revealed that results within the specified limits. Hence the proposed spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were found to be satisfactory and could be used for the routine analysis of cefotaxime sodium in their marketed formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference methods showed excellent agreement and proved that no significant difference in the accuracy and precision. Keywords: Cefotaxime sodium; 2, 4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine; Fluorimeter and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a kind of mass spectroscopy which is used in many diverse research fields such as earth, environmental, life and forensic sciences and in food, material, chemical, semiconductor and nuclear industries. In this sort of MS, Laser ablation (LA) ICP-MS is widely used to determine elements directly in virtually all types of solid samples with minimal sample preparation. UV lasers are widely used with ICP-MS because of their highly controllable spatial resolution (spot size) and relatively low cost. This technique is used to determine low-concentrations and even ultra-low-concentrations of elements. Atomic elements are lead through a plasma source where they become ionized. The high ion density and the high temperature in plasma provide an ideal atomizer and element ionizer for all types of samples and matrices introduced by a variety of specialized devices. Then, these ions are sorted on account of their mass. ICP-MS holds a distinctive position by virtue of its speed, sensitivity, dynamic range and elemental coverage. It can be considered as a viable alternative to ICP-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) (also known as Atomic Emission Spectroscopy or AES) for fast measurement of higher concentration elements. At the same time, ICP-MS in many cases exceeds the detection capability of Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS) for the determination of trace and ultratrace elements (ng/L or ppt concentrations). One of the fastest growing areas of ICP-MS is in speciation measurement: the combination of chromatographic techniques with ICP-MS as a detector to determine the chemical form of elements in the sample. This review provides an overview of recent developments and abilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) coupled with different separation techniques for applications in the field of analysis and also highlighted numerous technical improvements, over the past few years which helped to promote the evolution of ICP-MS to one of the most versatile tools for elemental quantification as Laser ablation (LA) ICP-MS. In particular, the benefits and possibilities of using state-of-the-art hyphenated ICPMS approaches for quantitative analysis applications. Keywords: Inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry; ICP-MS; Laser ablation; Hyphenated techniques; Quantification and Trace elements.