International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

Play is vital to a child’s development to promotes physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. Every child, regardless of age, culture, social background, or financial situation, needs to play.1 In order to ensure their children’s physical and mental health, parents need to be knowledgeable of their play needs.2 This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents of different socioeconomic background about the play needs of children under five in a few chosen urban neighborhoods of Raipur, Chhattisgarh. Data was gathered from 90 parents of children under five years old using a survey strategy, descriptive explorative study design, and purposive sampling technique. Parents’ attitudes were evaluated using a modified 5-point Likert scale, and their understanding of their children’s play demands was evaluated using a structured interview sch edule. Data analysis and interpretation were done according to the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study revealed majority of samples 48(53.3 percent) had inadequate knowledge regarding play needs. The overall mean knowledge score was 11.91. Majority of samples 56(62.2 percent) had favorable attitude towards play needs of children. The overall mean attitude was 76.98. There was significant relationship found between the variables (age, sex, type of family, education of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother) and knowledge of parents at p<0.05 level. There was no significant relationship found between the variables (religion, number of children, sex of child, education of father) and knowledge of parents at p<0.05 level. There was significant relationship found between the variables (education of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother) and attitude of parents at p<0.05 level. There was no significant relationship found between the variables (age, sex, type of family, religion, number of children, sex of child, education of father) and attitude of parents at p<0.05 level. The results of study exposed the requirement of the play needs of the children. This indicates the need of rapid action to improve the knowledge of parents regarding the play needs for the optimal growth and development of children.

Background: Home accidents are a significant cause of injury and death among preschool children, primarily due to their developmental stage, limited risk awareness, and high levels of curiosity. In India, home-related accidents are a leading contributor to child morbidity and mortality, yet they often go underreported and under recognized. A 2020 study indicated that nearly 60% of injuries in children under five occurred within the home environment. Mothers, as primary caregivers, play a pivotal role in creating a safe home environment and responding effectively in case of accidents. Aims and Objectives: 1. Assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge on prevention of home accidents among mothers of preschool children. 2. Determine the effectiveness of a planned structured teaching programme on the prevention of home accidents. 3. Associate the selected demographic variables with post-test knowledge levels on home accident prevention. Methodology: A quantitative research approach with a pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted in Thalambur village, Chennai, among 30 mothers of preschool children selected through purposive sampling. Results: Significant improvement was observed in post-test scores (p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the teaching module. Post-test knowledge levels showed a statistically significant association with age, occupation, monthly income, and type of family (p < 0.05), while other demographic variables were not significantly associated. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a structured health teaching programme significantly improves knowledge on home accident prevention among mothers of preschool children. Implementing similar community-based interventions may reduce the incidence of preventable home injuries in this vulnerable age group.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a problem with hormones that happens during the reproductive years. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of signs and symptoms of androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in the absence of other specific diagnosis. Aims: • To assess the pre test and post test knowledge score of experimental and control group of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome. • To compare the pre test and post test knowledge score of experimental and control group of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome. • To associate the pre test knowledge score of experimental and control group of B.Sc. Nursing students regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome with selected socio demographic variables. Material and Method: In this study effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among B.Sc. Nursing students was studied using structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The research design used in the study was one group pretest and post test with control group quasi experimental design. The knowledge regarding prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was assessed before and after the Structured teaching for experiment group and no teaching for control group. The conceptual frame work of the study was based on J.W. Kinny’s open system model. The study was conducted among 60 B.Sc. Nursing students in which 30 were in experiment group and 30 were in control group by Non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected and analyzed based on objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Mean value of pre-test was 8.6 which increased to 24.16 in post-test for experimental group and Mean value of pre-test was 8.1 which increased to 8.9 in post-test for control group. The study revealed that the structured teaching increased the knowledge on prevention and early detection of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among B.Sc. Nursing students in experiment group when compared with control group. The effectiveness of structured teaching was independent of the selected demographic data and baseline data. Conclusion: The study concluded that structured teaching program can play a vital role in imparting knowledge to B.Sc. Nursing Students.

Hemostatic testing in critically ill infants and children is essential yet challenging due to the immaturity and dynamic nature of the pediatric hemostatic system. Unlike adults, children, especially neonates, exhibit unique developmental differences in platelet function and coagulation factors, posing challenges for standard reference ranges and inadequate testing protocols, which mislead pediatric patients. Critical illnesses such as sepsis, trauma, liver dysfunction, and hematological or autoimmune disorders often exacerbate these vulnerabilities, increasing the risks of both bleeding and thrombotic complications. A broad spectrum of hemostatic disorders is encountered in this population, including quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities as well as inherited and acquired coagulation defects. Diagnostic evaluation relies on a combination of fundamental laboratory tests (platelet count, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, BT, CT) and advanced assays (such as thromboelastography) to provide a comprehensive assessment. However, the accuracy and reliability of these tests are often compromised by errors, particularly concerning specimen handling and age-appropriate interpretation. Ultimately, healthcare professionals should have a thorough understanding of developmental hemostasis, meticulous adherence to testing protocols, and careful clinical interpretation are crucial for optimizing pediatric outcomes. Ongoing research into pediatric-specific norms and newer global assays will further enhance targeted and effective management strategies.