International Journal of Pediatric Nursing

Background: Text Neck is a worldwide public health problem, largely reported nowadays. Currently data have shown that the excessive use of personal computers and cell phones maybe correlated with various clinical symptoms that are defined “TEXTNECK SYDROME”. The dangers of prolonged use of h Syndrome maybe be multifactorial consequences on the development of young and adolescents. World Health Organization has classified neck pain and other musculoskeletal diseases as the 4th and 10th pathological condition respectively. Aim & Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding Text Neck Syndrome among Adolescents of selected college of metropolitan city. Material: The research approach adopted for this study was quantitative research approach and the design used was one group pretest and post-test design. The population of the study consisted of 100 adolescent students in selected school of metropolitan city. Non probability sampling method by using purposive sampling techniques was used to select sample that fulfilled the required criteria. The tool consisted of 20 structured knowledge questionnaires to assess the knowledge. The pilot study was done on 10 sample that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collection was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential Statistics. Interpretation was based on objective and hypothesis of the study. Result: There are 20 questions related to post-test knowledge score on Text Neck Syndrome. These questions were asked to the children of the age group 10–12 years and 12 to 14 years. For the 19 question there is no association with age and post-test knowledge score on Text Neck Syndrome among the school students except one. There is association of age with the question “Howtoavoid Text Neck Syndrome”. The pvalue is less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Therefore, there is significant association with questions number 17. Conclusion: Structural teaching program is significantly effective on knowledge regarding Text Neck Syndrome among the school students of metropolitan city, in view to develop information booklet. KEY MESSAGE: This topic of Text Neck Syndrome is needed emerging urgent condition due to the improper excessive usage of phone or any hand- held device in wrong posture. According to a recent study, the 12 months prevalence of neck disorders due to smartphone use among the participants was found to be 46%. The Text Neck Syndrome should be considered as “painofmodern era”since it is caused by modern era gadgets such as cell phones, computers and other smart devices and it causes acute to chronic pain in the neck and upper back area. A report shows that when the head is flexed 15 degrees, the force acting on the neck are 27 pounds, 40 pounds when the neck is flexed 30 degrees, 49 pounds when the neck is flexed 45 degrees and 60 pounds when the neck is flexed 60 degrees; the model prediction at 90 degrees is not accurate1.

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical conditions encountered during the neonatal period, affecting approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants during the first week of life. Although physiological jaundice is usually self-limiting, severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia may progress to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus, resulting in permanent neurological disability or death if left untreated. Phototherapy has become the standard treatment for neonatal jaundice because of its effectiveness, non-invasive nature, and excellent safety profile. Nevertheless, increasing experimental evidence has raised concerns regarding possible biological effects of prolonged blue-light exposure on neonatal tissues, particularly the genital organs of male infants. Objective: To critically review current scientific evidence regarding the impact of neonatal phototherapy on genital organs and to discuss evidence-based nursing interventions for ensuring safe and effective phototherapy administration. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. English-language articles published between 2000 and 2025 were considered. Search terms included neonate, phototherapy, hyperbilirubinemia, genital organs, testicular injury, oxidative stress, reproductive safety, and nursing care. Clinical studies, experimental animal studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and international clinical guidelines were included. Results: Available evidence demonstrates that phototherapy remains a highly effective and safe treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Experimental animal studies have reported increased oxidative stress, transient histopathological alterations, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity within testicular tissue following prolonged light exposure. However, human clinical studies have not demonstrated convincing evidence of permanent impairment of genital development, endocrine function, fertility, or reproductive health. International organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), continue to recommend phototherapy as the first-line treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Appropriate nursing care—including eye protection, institutional genital shielding practices, thermoregulation, hydration, bilirubin monitoring, and parent education—remains essential to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential risks. Conclusion: Current evidence supports the continued use of phototherapy as the safest and most effective treatment for neonatal jaundice. Although laboratory studies suggest theoretical concerns regarding oxidative injury to genital tissues, available human evidence does not indicate clinically significant long-term reproductive harm. Continued research involving long-term follow-up of exposed infants is warranted to further strengthen the evidence base. Neonatal nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring safe phototherapy administration through vigilant assessment, adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and family-centered care.

Vitamin D and calcium metabolism are central to skeletal growth, mineralisation, and metabolic bone homeostasis in childhood, making laboratory assessment of these nutrients critical in pediatric bone disorders such as nutritional rickets, osteomalacia, metabolic bone disease of prematurity, chronic kidney diseaserelated mineral bone disorder, and selected inherited or malabsorptive conditions. Interpretation of laboratory markers in children is more difficult than in adults because normal values vary with age, growth velocity, pubertal stage, dietary intake, sun exposure, and underlying disease, while available diagnostic thresholds are not uniformly standardized across pediatric populations. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is the preferred marker of vitamin D status. Still, its clinical meaning depends on simultaneous interpretation of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, renal function, and radiologic findings, particularly when bone disease is suspected. Additional complexity arises from assay variability, age-specific differences in reference intervals, and the overlap between calciopenic and phosphopenic disorders. This review summarizes the physiology of vitamin D-calcium-phosphate regulation, outlines key biochemical patterns in common pediatric bone disorders, analyzes major laboratory interpretation pitfalls, and summarizes practical strategies for more accurate diagnosis and monitoring in children.

Background: Craniosynostosis is a congenital condition characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures, leading to abnormal skull growth and potential neurological and respiratory complications. It may be associated with syndromic conditions such as Crouzon syndrome. Case Presentation: A 6-month-old female infant presented with cough, cold, fever, and lethargy. She had a history of prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay and delayed cry at birth. On examination, the child was undernourished, lethargic, and had abnormal craniofacial features, including frontal bossing, midfacial hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, short neck, and limb deformities (syndactyly and oligodactyly). Respiratory distress with stridor was noted. The patient was diagnosed with craniosynostosis syndrome with midfacial hypoplasia, bilateral choanal atresia, and stage 3 acute kidney injury. Management and Outcome: The child received supportive care including oxygen therapy, fluid management, and monitoring in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Nursing care focused on airway management, monitoring vital parameters, and maintaining hygiene and nutrition. Conclusion: Early recognition of craniosynostosis and associated syndromic features is essential for timely intervention. Multidisciplinary management plays a key role in improving outcomes.