Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice

Introduction: Urosepsis is a serious infection that has a high rate of morbidity and death. Improving patient outcomes requires early detection and treatment. Although automated urinalysis provides a quick and non-invasive diagnostic method, nothing is known about how well it predicts urine culture results in cases of urosepsis. With this background, we aimed to find the association between the results of urinalysis and those of concurrent urine cultures. Methodology: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at the tertiary care hospital among 200 patients who were subjected to urine cultures for suspected UTIs and they were selected through a convenient sampling method. Automated urinalysis was performed using Laura XL’s automated urine sediment analysis instrument. Data were collected and analysed using IBM SPSS v21. Fisher exact test was used to find an association between Urine analysis and urine culture. Results: Of the 200 patients with the symptoms of UTI studied, 156 patients had positive for urine culture and Automated urinalysis showed 124 of them had Leucocyte esterase and 115 of them had nitrite in urine analysis. The majority of the patients had E. coli, followed by Klebsiella species in the urine culture. Leucocyte esterase showed 89.86% sensitivity and Nitrite 89.84% sensitivity. Both Leucocyte Esterase (0.0001) and Nitrite (0.0001) were significantly associated with Bacteria present in urine culture. Conclusion: Automated urinalysis shows promise in predicting urine culture outcomes in patients with suspected urosepsis. Integrating AU into the diagnostic pathway may facilitate faster clinical decision-making, potentially improving patient care.

Bladder cancer is a challenging urological malignancy with a high likelihood of recurrence, making it difficult to treat. Metabolomics is a promising approach for the detection and treatment of bladder cancer, as it helps understand metabolic alterations linked to the disease. Metabolomics research uses two methodologies: immunohistochemistry and metabolomics. Metabolomics studies the metabolic patterns of biological material, including essential molecules like glucose, lipids, and amino acids. It serves several objectives, including biomarker discovery, pathway identification, and treatment targets. Immunohistochemistry is crucial in bladder cancer research, as it uses antibodies to identify and detect specific proteins in tissue samples. It helps in protein expression analysis, tumor microenvironment assessment, and classifying bladder cancer subtypes. Combining metabolomics and immunohistochemistry allows for a more profound understanding of the pathology, leading to improved therapy, diagnosis, and treatment. This comprehensive understanding of bladder cancer can lead to improved prognosis for those dealing with this complex ailment.

Oncocytic (Hurthle cell) adenoma is A Rare, Benign tumor of the thyroid gland. A 66-yearold woman presented with midline painless neck swelling over the past 3 months. The swelling moves up and down with her swallowing. On examination the swelling measured about 3x3x2.4 cm in size, in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. There was no symptoms of palpitation, hoarseness, or any pressure related signs. There was no family history of thyroid cancer. The ultrasonography showed right thyroid well circumscribed, heterogenous nodular mass lesion measuring 3.0x3.6 cm. Fine niddle aspiration cytology showed moderately cellular smears composed predominantly of Hürthle cells with abundant fine granular cytoplasm. Cellular atypia was noted. On cytology reported as suspicious for a follicular neoplasm with Hürthle cell type. Our patient underwent simple lobectomy. On histopathological findings reported as Oncocytic cell adenoma thyroid. Patient showed a good postoperative prognosis. This article presents a case of Oncocytic/Hurthle cell adenoma of the thyroid gland with a review of literature.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a self-limiting cutaneous viral disease caused by a double stranded DNA virus belonging to pox viridae family. The lesions are highly contagious and present as elevated pearl like papules with characteristic central umbilication. It can affect children, sexually active adults and immunocompromised individual.1 It is classically a clinical diagnosis and does not pose difficulty in diagnosis unless the presentation is atypical. Thus, the cytological features of MC are rarely described and reported, more so with Tzanck smear.1 We are presenting a case of MC in a 27- year- old male which was diagnosed on Tzanck smear. We are presenting this case to emphasize on rapid diagnosis of MC using Tzanck smear. KEY MESSAGES: Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is generally diagnosed based on clinical presentation, though atypical cases can mimic other papular lesions. Given its contagious nature, early detection is crucial. In such cases, a simple Tzanck smear can confirm the diagnosis by identifying characteristic molluscum bodies. This report underscores the seldomdiscussed cytological features of MC, highlighting the smear’s utility for swift diagnosis, aiding in infection control, lesion reduction, and timely treatment.

Leucocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is a histopathologic term referring to small vessel vasculitis characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and immune complex deposition. Clinically, LCV presents with palpable purpura, often involving the lower extremities, and may be associated with systemic involvement. We hereby report a rare case of LCV in a 56 year female, highlighting clinical presentation and management strategies for the subset of LCV that remains confined to the skin without systemic manifestations posing diagnostic challenges.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also referred to as Verneuil’s disease or acne inversa, derives its name from the Greek words hidros (sweat) and aden (glands).1 It is a chronic, scarring condition believed to result from the blockage of hair follicles, primarily affecting intertriginous and anogenital areas. While the axilla and groin are the most commonly affected regions, HS can also occur in the mammary and submammary areas, perineum, and sacral region. There is no standardized treatment, and in severe cases, extensive surgical excision followed by complex reconstructive procedures is necessary. One of the primary challenges post-excision is managing the resulting skin defects. While secondary healing may be an option, large defects require skin grafts or flaps to minimize scarring and accelerate recovery. When multiple anatomical regions are affected, staged surgical interventions may be required. Histopathology is gold standard for final diagnosis. Here we report a case of 27-year-old male with multiple abscesses over right axillary region diagnosed as Hidradenitis suppurativa.