Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are benign smooth muscle growths of the uterus commonly seen during the reproductive years. Despite their non-malignant nature, they contribute significantly to gynaecological morbidity and healthcare utilization. Aims & Objectives: To study the epidemiology of uterine fibroid & various risk factors contributing in the occurrence of uterine fibroids in our region. Material & Method: The cross-sectional study was done in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in GMC & Rajindra Hospital, Patiala from 2023 to 2024. Result: Mean age for uterine fibroid was 43.47±7.05 years. Majority of women diagnosed with leiomyomas were in their reproductive years (89.4%). Uterine fibroid were seen more in urban (70%) population. Obesity was observed as most prevalent risk factor (83.8%). Another significant risk factor was lack of Vitamin D intake (9.1%). A higher stress level which is considered to be a causative agent for myomas was present in 37.2% of study opulation. In our study we could not find any association of UFs with educational status, socioeconomic status, dietary preference (vegetarian/non-vegetarian), family history of fibroids, age of onset of menstruation, age at time of first childbirth, alcohol intake or smoking. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for lifestyle improvements regular physical activity, a nutritious diet consisting of Vitamin D, and effective weight control to lower fibroid risk, particularly among those with higher BMI. Promoting informed and appropriate use of oral contraceptives may also provide protective benefits and should be integrated into reproductive health education

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of caesarean section in our tertiary care centre using Robson groups and to categorise the caesarean section births in Robson’s classification system. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, our hospital over six months (January–June) in year 2025. All women who underwent caesarean delivery were classified into Robson’s ten groups based on standard criteria. Data were analysed to determine groupwise contributions to overall CS rate. Results: A total of 239 caesarean sections were analysed during the study period. Caesarean sections accounted for 63.23% of all deliveries. 17.15% of all caesarean sections were electives while the rest (82.84%) were performed as emergency procedures. Robson Group 5 (previous CS, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks) was the leading contributor, accounting for 28.5% of all CS (68 cases). • Group 1 (nulliparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks, spontaneous labor) contributed 20.9% (50 cases) Group 4 (multiparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks, induced/CS before labor), Group 3 (multiparous, singleton, cephalic, ≥37 weeks, spontaneous labor), and Group 10 (singleton, cephalic, preterm) contributed 11.7%, 10.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. • Groups 6–8 accounted for less than 3% each, while Group 9 (abnormal lie) had 0 cases. Conclusions: Repeat caesarean sections (Group 5) remain the predominant indication in this audit, underscoring the need for focused strategies to reduce primary CS and promote safe vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) when appropriate. The Robson classification proved valuable in identifying key contributing groups, facilitating data-driven quality improvement efforts at NEIGRIHMS

Pregnancy constitutes a period of significant physiological, psychological, and social transition, necessitating robust educational support to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes. Structured Teaching Programs (STPs) in nursing have emerged as a pivotal intervention to mitigate complications and improve health literacy among expectant mothers. This paper evaluates the framework, implementation, and impact of STPs in pregnancy management. Through a review of current literature and evidence-based nursing practices, this study demonstrates that patients exposed to structured educational interventions exhibit higher compliance with prenatal care, improved self-management of pregnancy-induced conditions, and reduced anxiety levels. The paper concludes that integrating STPs into routine prenatal nursing care is essential for advancing maternal health services and meeting global health standards.

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a primary cause of maternal mortality, with Cesarean Scar Pregnancy (CSP) representing a rare but life-threatening variant where implantation occurs within the myometrium of a previous surgical scar. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old woman (G3P2L2) with two prior cesarean sections presented with a five-day history of vaginal bleeding. Initial ultrasonography suggested retained products of conception. During a planned evacuation and curettage, the patient experienced sudden, torrential hemorrhage unresponsive to conservative measures. Based on the surgical history and adherence of products to the scar site, a diagnosis of CSP was made. To control the life-threatening bleeding, an emergency obstetric hysterectomy was performed. The patient was stabilized with blood transfusions and had an uneventful recovery. Discussion: CSP and placenta accreta exist on a pathological continuum. Early diagnosis via transvaginal sonography is critical, as pproximately 13% of cases are initially misdiagnosed as spontaneous abortions. Key sonographic markers include an empty uterine cavity and myometrial thinning between the bladder and gestational sac.

Eclampsia is an obstetric emergency in which there is new onset seizures in a woman with preeclampsia that cannot be attributed to any other neurological cause. This is a result of impaired uteroplacental blood flow, systemic endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of cerebral blood flow. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a serious complication of eclampsia, which is characterized by vasogenic edema primarily in the posterior regions of the brain which presents clinically as seizures, headaches, visual abnormalities, and altered consciousness. The following case report discusses a 29-year-old G2A1 in her 30 weeks 5 days pregnancy with antenatal eclampsia as a sequalae of which she ended up in extremely preterm delivery, posterior reversible encephalopathy, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and her clinical improvement with the timely multidisciplinary management