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Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology 5(2):p 47-52, July - December 2023. | DOI: NA
Editorial
Type 2 Diabetes in India: Prevalence, Management, and Guidelines
M. B. Hiremath null, Ritesh Vernekar
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Indian Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology 5(2):p 47-52, July - December 2023. | DOI: NA
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Received : August 02, 2023
Accepted : September 30, 2023
Published : October 30, 2023
Abstract
India has been labelled as the diabetic capital of the world due to its high prevalence of type 2 diabetes.1 Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the way the body processes glucose, the primary source of energy for cells. The condition arises when the body either resists insulin’s effects, a hormone that regulates glucose movement into cells, or does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels.1-3
The World Health Organization (WHO) has also developed a package for diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes as part of the Hearts initiative, which aims to improve cardiovascular health in primary health care settings.1,4-5 The package provides practical guidance on how to diagnose type 2 diabetes using fasting blood glucose or HbA1c tests, how to assess cardiovascular risk using simple clinical criteria or risk scores, how to prescribe appropriate medications for blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid control, how to monitor treatment response and adjust therapy as needed, and how to counsel patients on lifestyle modifications and adherence to treatment.
References
- 1. World Health Organization. Diabetes - India [Internet]. New Delhi: WHO Country Office for India; [cited 2023 Oct 1].
- 2. Anjana RM, Deepa M, Pradeepa R. The ICMR-INDIAB study: results from the national study on diabetes in India. J Indian Inst Sci. 2023;103:21–32.
- 3. Barman P, Das M, Verma M. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment utilization patterns among the elderly from the first wave of longitudinal aging study in India (2017-18) using a Heckman selection model. BMC Public Health. 2023;23:699.
- 4. Mayo Clinic. Type 2 diabetes: symptoms & causes [Internet]. Rochester (MN): Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; [cited 2023 Oct 1].
- 5. World Health Organization. Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes (HEARTS-D) [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2023 Oct 1
- 6. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2019.
- 7. Indian Council of Medical Research. ICMR guidelines for management of type 2 diabetes [Internet]. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2018.
- 8. Mohan V, Shah S, Saboo B. Current glycemic status and diabetes related complications among type 2 diabetes patients in India: data from the A1chieve study. J Assoc Physicians India. 2013;61(1 Suppl):12-5.
- 9. Borgharkar SS, Das SS. Real-world evidence of glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India: the TIGHT study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2019;7(1):e000654.
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
Whether all authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| August 02, 2023 | September 30, 2023 | October 30, 2023 |
DOI: NA
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Timeline
| Received | August 02, 2023 |
| Accepted | September 30, 2023 |
| Published | October 30, 2023 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
