Abstract

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hemoglobin disorder that requires lifelong management and contributes to infant, childhood as well as adult morbidity and mortality. SCD is a widespread disease characterized by a variation in the beta-globin gene that results into the production of aberrant hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. The inheritance of the mutation could be homozygous or heterozygous combined with another hemoglobin mutation. SCD can be identified by the presence of dense, sickled cells that grounds for haemolysis of blood cells, chronic anemia, acute painful occurrence, body part alteration, and in many cases death. Early detection/diagnosis of SCD can help to reduce the mortality and management of the disease effectively. Millions of people worldwide are impacted by this prevalent inherited blood disorders, which include sickle cell disease and its variations. Sickle Cell disease results in a markedly reduced life expectancy, particularly in India's tribal people. The review study here explain an overview of the inheritance, severity, pathogenesis, present-day and emergent techniques for SCD detection and highlights the different national & International programs for the elimination of disease from the population.

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