Abstract

Marginalization is a multifaceted phenomenon occurring at both global and local levels. Entire societies can be marginalized within the global order, while specific classes and communities experience marginalization within dominant social structures. In India, marginalized groups have historically suffered due to factors such as caste, religion, gender, age, untouchability, and disability. These factors directly and indirectly affect their occupations, livelihoods, health, and education. This article examines the persistent social and legal challenges these communities continue to face. The research utilizes secondary data from diverse sources, including books, existing research studies, government archives, and bibliographical resources. Marginalization prevents participation in social life, leading to further isolation. Crucially, this article explores the psychological impact of marginalization, emphasizing its role in societal well-being and suggesting pathways toward freedom, equality, and justice. Social exclusion leads to discriminatory experiences in daily life, increasing vulnerability to risky behaviors such as commercial sex work, begging, drug use, and even suicidal ideation. Integrated approaches and strategies at all societal levels are essential to improve social inclusion and access to social services. It is important to note that even in developed countries, poverty, exclusion, and stigmatization remain a reality for certain populations.

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