Abstract

Background: Sports knee injury usually occurs by an uncontrolled movement of Lower extremity. Athletes with significant external tibial torsion and knee flexion more than 90 degrees during take-off are at risk for developing Patellofemoral pain syndrome. SOCKE exercise is designed for quadriceps muscle training and has a high recruitment impact on the VMO, thereby help to alter the Q-angle mechanism in knee pain. Objective of this study is to find out the effects of sling open chain knee extension exercise in altering the Q angle and improving their jumping performance in volleyball players among college students. Method: This Experimental study involves 30 volley ball players & they were divided into 2 groups (experimental & control). Experimental group received SOCKE Exercise along with conventional knee exercise & Control group received only conventional knee exercise with treatment duration of 6 weeks. Pre & posttest outcome measures of VJT and Q-angle were assessed. Results: Pre-test and post-test values obtained were analysed using paired & unpaired ‘t’ test for 28 degrees of freedom at a 5% level of significance. The mean value of VJT and Q-ANGLE in experimental group 3.00 & 3.07 shows more significant than mean value of VJT and Q-ANGLE control group 2.33 & 2.47. Conclusion: This study concludes that Experimental group who received sling open chain knee extension exercise shows greater statistically significant in reducing Q-angle and improving the jumping performance than control Group who received only Conventional knee exercises.

• 1.   Beneka A., Malliou P., Gioftsidou A., Tsigganos G., Zetou H., Godilas G. Injury incidence rate, severity and diagnosis in male volleyball players, Sport Sci Health, 2009, 5: 93-99.
• 2.   Baker M.M., Juhn M.S. Patellofemoral pain syndrome in the female athlete. ClinSports Med, 2000, 19: 315-329.
• 3.   Mrityunjay, Kumar & Chhabra, Deepak. (2014). Comparison between Effect of Isometric Quadriceps Exercise and Vastus Medialis Oblique Strengthening on Quadriceps Angle and Patellar Shift in Normal Individuals. European Academic Research. 2. 5360-5370. 10.2286/2286-4822-2-4.
• 4.   Ali Fatahi, Heydar Sadeghi, Mitra Ameli. Relationship Between Q. Angle and Knee Injuries. Prevalence in Elite Volleyball Players. Advances in Surgical Sciences. Vol. 5, No. 4, 2017, pp. 45-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ass.20170504.11
• 5.   Smith T.O., Davies L., O’driscoll M.L., Donell ST. An evaluation of the clinical tests and outcome measures used to assess patellar instability. J Knee, 2008, 15: 255- 262
• 6.   Sendur O.F., Gurer G., Yildirim T., Ozturke E, Aydeniz A. Relationship of Q. angle and joint hypermobility and Q. angles in different positions. Clin Rheumatol, 2000, 25: 304-308.
• 7.   Jandova, Sona & Janura, Miroslav. Jumping performance and take-off efficiency in two different age categories of female volleyball players. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics / Wroclaw University of Technology. 21. 10.5277/ ABB-01328-2019-02.
• 8.   Yingling V.R., Castro D.A., Duong J.T., Malpartida F.J., Usher J.R., O.J. The reliability of vertical jump tests between the Vertec and My Jump phone application. Peer J. 2018 Apr 20;6:e4669. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4669. PMID: 29692955; PMCID: PMC5912202
• 9.   Mahnoor Asif, Yasha Sajjad Comparison of Specific Hip Strengthening Exercises and Conventional Knee Exercises on Pain, Muscle Strength and Function in Sprinters with Patello-Femoral Pain Syndrome Vol. 16 No. 05 (2022): Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences
• 10.   Chang W.D., Huang W.S., Lee C.L., Lin H.Y., Lai P.T. Effects of open and closed kinetic chains of sling exercise therapy on the muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Sep; 26(9): 1363-6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.1363. Epub 2014 Sep 17. PMID: 25276016; PMCID: PMC4175237.
• 11.   Thor F. Besier A., Michael Fredericson a, Garry E. Gold B., Gary S. Beaupre’ D., Scott L.D. Knee muscle forces during walking and running in patellofemoral pain patients and pain-free controls, Journal of Biomechanics, 2009, 42: 898–905.
• 12.   Elias J.J., Bratton D.R., Weinstein D.M., Cosgarea A.J. Comparing two estimations of the quadriceps force distribution for use during patellofemoralsimulation. J. Biomech, 2006, 39: 865– 872.
• 13.   Zhang L.Q., Wang G., Nuber G.W., Press J.M., Koh J.L. In vivo load sharing among the quadriceps components. J. Orthop. Res. 2003, 21, 565–571.
• 14.   B.D. Dannelly, S.C. Otey, T. Croy et al., “The effectiveness of traditional and sling exercise strength training in women,” Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 464– 471, 2011.
• 15.   Spairani L., Barbero M., Cescon C., et al. An electromyographic study of the vastii muscles during open and closed kinetic chain submaximal isometric exercises. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 2012, 7: 617–626 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list].
• 16.   Tang S.F., Chen C.K., Hsu R., et al. Vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis activity in open and closed kinetic chain exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: an electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2001, 82: 1441–1445 [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list].
• 17.   Jellad A., Kalai A., Guedria M., Jguirim M., Elmhamdi S., Salah S., et al. Combined hip abductor and external rotator strengthening and hip internal rotator stretching improves pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial with crossover design. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021; 9(4): 2325967121989729.
• 18.   Syme G., Rowe P., Martin D., et al. Disability in patients with chronic patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomised controlled trial of VMO selective training versus general quadriceps strengthening. Man Ther, 2009, 14: 252–263.
• 19.   Cowan S.M., Bennell K.L., Hodges P.W.: Therapeutic patellar taping changes the timing of vasti muscle activation in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin J Sport Med, 2002, 12: 339–347.
• 20.   Bennell K., Duncan M., Cowan S., McConnell J., Hodges P., Crossley K. Effects of vastus medialis oblique retraining versus general quadriceps strengthening on vasti onset. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 May; 42(5): 856-64. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181c12771. PMID: 19997004.
• 21.   Fukuda T.Y., Melo W.P., Zaffalon B.M., et al. Hip posterolateral musculature strengthening in sedentary women with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 1-year follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys 2012; 42(10): 823–830 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Data Sharing Statement

Funding