Abstract

Armed conflict has profound and often overlooked environmental consequences, which can have long-term effects on ecosystems and human populations. This study explores the concept of “eco-warfare,” focusing on how military activities, including the use of chemical weapons, landmines, and deforestation, directly and indirectly impact the environment. , This Paper highlights the destruction of natural habitats, contamination of water resources, and loss of biodiversity resulting from warfare. The study also delves into the role of legislation, international environmental laws and treaties in mitigating these impacts, assessing their effectiveness and proposing strategies for better enforcement. Through this exploration, the paper aims to raise awareness of the critical need for integrating environmental considerations into conflict resolution and post-war recovery efforts, ultimately advocating for more sustainable approaches to both warfare and peace building.

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• 2.   Ibid.
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• 6.   Ibid.
• 7.   Watson Institute For International AndPublicA򯿿airs,‘Environmental Costs’ (Cost of War, November 2019) accessed 5 September 2023.
• 8.   Supra note 5.
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• 10.   Ibid.
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• 14.   The Convention on Biological Diversity 1993.
• 15.   The Convention on International Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Fauna and Flora 1975.
• 16.   Disaster Management Act [2005].
• 17.   Ibid.
• 18.   The United Nations General Assembly, ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ (un.org, 25 September 2015) accessed 5 September 2023.
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• 21.   Ibid.
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Funding