Abstract

A systematic review is a kind of study of literature that reduces prejudice in Eating disorders including binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, shows significant health risks, often co-occurring with mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Eating disorders is prevalent among teenagers that has been increasing, influenced by social media’s emphasis on appearance of the individuals. A time of major physical and emotional transformation, adolescence is also a time when eating disorders, which are typified by body dissatisfaction, are more likely to develop, negative body image, and disordered eating patterns. These disorders are marked by preoccupation with food and weight, improper eating behaviours, and can lead to depression and suicidal ideation. This paper summarizes the key diagnostic features of various eating disorder, highlighting their psychological impact, particularly the comorbidity with anxiety and depression, and the role of emotional regulation. Integrated treatment strategies addressing both disordered eating behaviours and underlying emotional dysregulation are crucial for effective intervention and long-term recovery, especially in adolescents.

• 1.   Galmiche M., Déchelotte P., Lambert G.,Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000–2018 period: A systematic literature review. Nutr. 2019 May.
• 2.   Pastore M., Indrio F., Bali D., Vural M., Giardino I., Pettoello-Mantovani M. Alarming increase of eating disorders in children and adolescents. EurPaediatr Assoc. 2023 Sep;263113733. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113733.
• 3.   Mizia S., Felińczak A., Włodarek D., Syrkiewicz- Świtała M. Evaluation of eating habits and their impact on health among adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr; 18(8): 3996. doi:10.3390/ijerph18083996.
• 4.   Polanczyk G.V., Salum G.A., Sugaya L.S., Caye A., Rohde L.A. Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015; 56: 345–65. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12381.
• 5.   Godart N.T., Flament M.F., Perdereau F., Jeammet P. Comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders: A review. Int J Eat Disord. 2002; 32:253–70. doi:10.1002/ eat.10096.
• 6.   Swanson S.A., Crow S.J., Le Grange D., Swendsen J., Merikangas K.R. Prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011; 68: 714–23. doi:10.1001/ archgenpsychiatry.2011.22.
• 7.   De Young K.P. Comorbidities: Anxiety disorders. In: Wade T., editor. Encyclopaedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders. Singapore: Springer; 2016. p. 1–5
• 8.   Vall E., Wade T.D. Predictors of treatment outcome in individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord. 2015; 48: 946–71. doi:10.1002/ eat.22411.
• 9.   Keyes K.M., Gary D., O’Malley P.M., Hamilton A., Schulenberg J. Recent increases in depressive symptoms among US adolescents: Trends from 1991 to 2018. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019; 54: 987–96. doi:10.1007/s00127-019- 01697-8.
• 10.   Jones B.A., Griffiths K.M. Self-objectification and depression: An integrative systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2015; 171: 22–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.011.
• 11.   Jones B.A., Griffiths K.M. Self-objectification and depression: An integrative systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2015; 171: 22–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.011.
• 12.   12. Ivarsson T., Svalander P., Litlere O., Nevonen L. Weight concerns, body image, depression, and anxiety in Swedish adolescents. Eat Behav. 2006; 7: 161–75. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.08.005.
• 13.   Hepple P.J., Allen K. Depressive disorders. In: Wade T., editor. Encyclopaedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders. Singapore: Springer; 2017. pp. 193–8.
• 14.   Fennig S., Hadas A. Suicidal behaviour and depression in adolescents with eating disorders. Nord J Psychiatry. 2010; 64: 32–9. doi:10.3109/08039480903265751.
• 15.   Mason T.B., Lewis R.J. Profiles of binge eating: The interaction of depressive symptoms, eating styles, and body mass index. Eat Disord. 2014; 22: 450–60. doi:10.1080/10640266.2014.931766.
• 16.   Martin J., Arostegui I., Lorono A., Padierna A., Najera-Zuloaga J., Quintana J.M. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are related to core symptoms, general health outcome, and medical comorbidities in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019; 27: 603–13. doi:10.1002/ erv.2677.
• 17.   Prefit A.B., Candea D.M., Szentagotai-Tatar A. Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite. 2019; 143: 104438. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438.
• 18.   Aldao A., Nolen-Hoeksema S., Schweizer S. Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010; 30: 217–37. doi: 10.1016/j. cpr.2009.11.004.
• 19.   Ahmed S.P., Bittencourt-Hewitt A., Sebastian C.L. Neurocognitive bases of emotion regulation development in adolescence. Dev CognNeurosci. 2015; 15: 11–25. doi: 10.1016/j. dcn.2015.07.006.
• 20.   Penate W., Gonzalez-Loyola M., Oyanadel C. The predictive role of affectivity, self-esteem, and social support in depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17:6984. doi:10.3390/ ijerph17196984.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding