Abstract

Vaccines are mankind's most powerful weapons against any kind of communicable disease caused by viruses, bacteria, etc. The vaccines are involved in the boosting of the immune system against particular microorganisms. The major problems for the vaccines are temperature maintenance and transportation. The rise in temperature can deteriorate the vaccine and cause it to lose its activity. During the transport of such vaccines, which are highly degradable due to slight temperature changes, extreme caution is exercised. Vaccine stabilization methods are designed to minimize potency loss during manufacture, storage, distribution, and clinical usage. This problem can be solved by using cryogenics, which is an emerging technology used in various fields to store food preparations, biological cell cultures, transportation of vaccines, aerospace sectors, and agriculture areas. In cryogenics, the temperatures are kept very low by using cryogens like oxygen, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen. In general, vaccines like COVID are going to be stored at the possible lowest temperatures like 2-8°C, where as the Ebola vaccine is –60°C to –80°C. The employment of cryogenics can even achieve the temperature –273°C i.e., the absolute zero.

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