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Pediatric Education and Research 13(2 (Special Supplement -I)):p 226-228, July-December 2025. | DOI: 10.21088/per.2321.1644.13225.45
Review Article
Contribution of Dr. Milred Trotter to the Field of Pediatrics
Sumit Agrawal, Kasumbiwal Ajay H, Lakhe Siddheshwar A, Pavani Kaithi
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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator
Pediatric Education and Research 13(2 (Special Supplement -I)):p 226-228, July-December 2025. | DOI: 10.21088/per.2321.1644.13225.45
How Cite This Article:
Kasumbiwal Ajay H., Lakhe Siddheshwar A., Pavani Kaithi, et al. Contribution of Dr. Milred Trotter to the Field of Pediatrics. Pediatr. Edu. Res. 2025; 13(2): 226-228Timeline
Received : December 11, 2025
Accepted : December 25, 2025
Published : December 30, 2025
Abstract
Dr. Mildred Trotter (1899–1991) was a pioneering American anatomist and forensic anthropologist whose work fundamentally shaped modern biological anthropology and human identification. Over a career spanning more than four decades at Washington University School of Medicine, Trotter made significant contributions to the study of skeletal biology, earning international recognition for her precision and scientific rigor. Her most influential achievement was the development together with Goldine Gleser of regression formulas for estimating human stature from long bone measurements, a landmark contribution that remains a cornerstone of forensic anthropology. Trotter also served in the U.S. Army during World War II, where her expertise in human osteology advanced the identification of war casualties. As one of the first women to achieve full professorship in anatomy in the United States, she broke barriers for women in science and academia. Dr. Trotter’s legacy continues to influence anatomy, forensics, and the broader field of human skeletal research.
References
- 1. Trotter M., Gleser G.C. Estimation of stature from long bones of American Whites and Negroes. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1952; 10(4): 463-514.
- 2. Trotter M., Gleser G.C. Re-evaluation of stature estimates based on living and longbone measurements. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1958; 16(1): 79-123.
- 3. Bass W.M. Mildred Trotter: pioneer in forensic anthropology. J Forensic Sci. 1993; 38(1): 223-4.
- 4. Clark M.A., Sandberg L. Mildred Trotter: her life and contributions to forensic anthropology. Forensic Sci Rev. 2000; 12(1): 27-36.
- 5. Snow C.C. Dr. Mildred Trotter and forensic identification. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1992; 13(2): 176-8.
Data Sharing Statement
There are no additional data available. All raw data and code are available upon request.
Funding
This research received no funding.
Author Contributions
All authors contributed significantly to the work and approve its publication.
Ethics Declaration
This article does not involve any human or animal subjects, and therefore does not require ethics approval.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our gratitude to the patients, their families, and all those who have contributed to this study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Cite this article
Kasumbiwal Ajay H., Lakhe Siddheshwar A., Pavani Kaithi, et al. Contribution of Dr. Milred Trotter to the Field of Pediatrics. Pediatr. Edu. Res. 2025; 13(2): 226-228
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| December 11, 2025 | December 25, 2025 | December 30, 2025 |
DOI: 10.21088/per.2321.1644.13225.45
Keywords
TrotterForensic anthropologySkeletal biologyStature estimationTrotter– Gleser formulasOsteologyHuman identificationSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | December 11, 2025 |
| Accepted | December 25, 2025 |
| Published | December 30, 2025 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator
