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Journal of Global Medical Education and Research 9(1):p 31-36, Jan -June 2026. | DOI: N.A
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Consumer Law and the Medical Profession in India: Post–CPA Inclusion and the Transformation of Care
Vivekanshu Verma, Shri Gopal Kabra
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Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
Journal of Global Medical Education and Research 9(1):p 31-36, Jan -June 2026. | DOI: N.A
How Cite This Article:
Shri Gopal Kabra, Vivekanshu Verma. Consumer Law and the Medical Profession in India: Post–CPA Inclusion and the Transformation of Care. Jr of Glob Med Edu and Res. 2026;9(1): 31-36.Timeline
Received : February 07, 2026
Accepted : March 10, 2026
Published : June 30, 2026
Abstract
The inclusion of health care services under the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) through the landmark V.P. Shantha judgment (1995) fundamentally altered the ethos of medical practice in India. By reclassifying patients as consumers and doctors as service providers, the judgment transformed the fiduciary doctor–patient relationship into a contractual and commercial one. This shift has fostered defensive medicine, excessive reliance on documentation and technology, and fragmentation of care into specialties and super-specialties. While the CPA strengthened patient rights and accountability, it also created inequities, eroded holistic healing, and burdened practitioners with litigation risks. This paper critically examines the judicial and medical consequences of CPA inclusion, highlighting the resulting “cauldron of chaos” in Indian health care, and proposes legal, institutional, and ethical safeguards to restore balance between accountability and compassion.
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Cite this article
Shri Gopal Kabra, Vivekanshu Verma. Consumer Law and the Medical Profession in India: Post–CPA Inclusion and the Transformation of Care. Jr of Glob Med Edu and Res. 2026;9(1): 31-36.
Licence:
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
| Received | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|
| February 07, 2026 | March 10, 2026 | June 30, 2026 |
DOI: N.A
Keywords
Consumer Protection Act (CPA)V.P. Shantha JudgmentMedical Negligence In IndiaHealth Care LitigationFragmentation of CareSearch for Similar Articles
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Timeline
| Received | February 07, 2026 |
| Accepted | March 10, 2026 |
| Published | June 30, 2026 |
licence
Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.
