Abstract

Introduction: Influenza viral infections cause a broad array of respiratory diseases that are responsible for
significant morbidity and mortality in children.
Influenza A viruses also have potential to cause periodic global Pandemics with higher penetration of illness
than seasonal epidemics. Swine origin Influenza has become the first pandemic of the 21st century. The currently
circulating strain of swine origin influenza virus, the H1N1 strain has undergone triple reassortment and contains
genes from the avian, swine and human viruses. This virus was first reported in Mexico in April 20095 and spread
to various countries worldwide. Higher morbidity (27236 cases) and mortality (981 deaths) have been reported from
India. As per WHO, the Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus is now considered as seasonal virus.
 

• 1.   Ayscue P, Murray E, Uyeki T, Zipprich J, Harriman K, Salibay C, Kang M, Luu A, Glenn Finer R, Watt J, Glaser C. Influenza associated intensive-care unit admissions and deaths—California, September 29, 2013–January 18, 2014. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2014 Feb 21;63(7):143.
• 2.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Severe influenza among children and young adults with neurologic and neurodevelopmental conditions Ohio, 2011, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60:1729–1736, 2012.
• 3.   Ramya HS, Reddy NV, Shekar K. Clinical profile and outcome of H1N1 influenza in children during August 2016 to January 2017 at KIMS hospital in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2018 May;5(3):1126.
• 4.   Chang LY, Shih SR, Shao PL, Huang DT, Huang LM. Novel swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1): the first pandemic of the 21st century. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2009 Jul 1;108(7):526-32.
• 5.   Córdova JA, Hernández M, López-Gatell H, Bojorquez I, Palacios E, Rodríguez G, de la Rosa B, Ocampo R, Alpuche C, Flores R, Hernandez JE. Update: Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection—Mexico, March–May, 2009. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2009 Jun 5;58(21):585.
• 6.   Reed C, Angulo FJ, Swerdlow DL, Lipsitch M, Meltzer MI, Jernigan D, Finelli L. Estimates of the prevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States, April–July 2009. Emerging infectious diseases. 2009 Dec; 15(12):2004.
• 7.   Singhal S, Sarda N, Arora R, Punia N, Jain A. Clinical profile & outcome of H1N1 infected pregnant women in a tertiary care teaching hospital of northern India. The Indian journal of medical research. 2014 Mar;139(3):454.
• 8.   Ali SK. A study on stochastic epidemic models with the optimal control policies.
• 9.   Bulla A, Hitze KL. Acute respiratory infections: a review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1978;56(3):481.
• 10.   Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Consolidated status of Influenza A H1N1 Available from: http://mohfwh1n1.nic.in/ documents/PDF/SituationalUpdatesArchives/ December/31.10.2010.pdfaccessed on 25th November, 2012.
• 11.   Singh M, Sharma S. An epidemiological study of recent outbreak of influenza A H1N1 (Swine Flu) in Western Rajasthan region of India. Journal of Medical & Allied Sciences. 2013 Aug 31;3(2):48.
• 12.   Myers KP, Olsen CW, Gray GC. Cases of swine influenza in humans: a review of the literature. Clinical infectious diseases. 2007 Apr 15; 44(8):1084- 8.
• 13.   Smith TF, Burgert Jr EO, Dowdle WR, Noble GR, Campbell RJ, Van Scoy RE. Isolation of swine influenza virus from autopsy lung tissue of man. New England Journal of Medicine. 1976 Mar 25; 294(13):708-10.
• 14.   Zimmer SM, Burke DS. Historical perspective— emergence of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. New England journal of medicine. 2009 Jul 16; 361(3):279- 85.
• 15.   Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Balish A, Sessions WM, Xu X, Skepner E, Deyde V, Okomo-Adhiambo M. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A (H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. science. 2009 Jul 10; 325(5937):197-201.
• 16.   Trifonov V, Khiabanian H, Rabadan R. Geographic dependence, surveillance, and origins of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus. New England journal of medicine. 2009 Jul 9; 361(2):115-9.
• 17.   Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. Nature. 2009 Jun; 459(7249):931.
• 18.   Cohen J. Out of Mexico? Scientists ponder swine flu's origins.
• 19.   Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus OG, Ma SK, Cheung CL, Raghwani J, Bhatt S, Peiris JM. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009 Jun; 459(7250):1122.
• 20.   Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS. The persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009 Jul 16; 361(3):225- 9.
• 21.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance for clinicians on identifying and caring for patients with swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. http://www. cdc. gov/h1n1flu/
• 22.   United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim CDC guidance for nonpharmaceutical community mitigation in response to human infections with swine influenza (H1N1) virus.
• 23.   Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. Update: swine influenza A (H1N1) infections California and Texas, April 2009. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2009 May 1;58(16):435.

Data Sharing Statement

Funding